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Unit 2 - River Civs

TermDefinition
Civilization An advanced society with cities, a government, writing, and often a belief system.
Irrigation A system of bringing water to fields through canals or ditches to help crops grow, especially in dry areas.
Pharaoh A ruler of ancient Egypt, believed to be a god in human form.
Dynasty A series of rulers from the same family who rule over a country or region for a long time.
City-state An independent city that controls the surrounding area and has its own government.
Empire A large group of territories or nations ruled by one leader or government.
Ziggurat A large, pyramid-shaped temple found in ancient Mesopotamian cities, where people worshipped their gods.
Cuneiform One of the earliest writing systems, developed in Mesopotamia, where people used wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.
Hieroglyphics A writing system used in ancient Egypt, made up of pictures and symbols that represent sounds or ideas.
Polytheism The belief in many gods and goddesses.
Monotheism The belief in only one god.
Fertile Crescent A region in the Middle East where some of the first civilizations began, with rich soil and rivers for farming.
Silt Fine, rich soil carried by rivers, which makes land more fertile for farming.
Pictograph A picture or symbol that represents an idea or object, often used in early forms of writing.
Papyrus A plant found in ancient Egypt that was used to make paper-like material for writing.
Mandate of Heaven An ancient Chinese belief that a ruler had the approval of the gods to govern, and if they lost it, they could be overthrown.
Delta A landform at the mouth of a river, where it splits into smaller streams and deposits silt, making the land fertile.
Karma In Hinduism and Buddhism, the idea that a person's actions, good or bad, will affect their future.
Oracle An oracle is a person or message people believed came from a god that gave answers or advice—often about the future.
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