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Antibacterial Agents
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inhibiting cell wall synthesis | Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Vancomycin Polymyxins |
| Inhibiting protein synthesis (30S) | 1. Aminoglycoside (Gentamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin) 2. Tetracycline ( Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline) |
| Inhibiting protein synthesis (50S) | 1. Chloramphenicol 2. Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin) 3. Clindamycin 4. Linezolid 5. Quinupristin – Dalfopristin |
| Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis by folate synthesis | 1. Sulfonamides 2. Trimethoprim 3. Pyrimethamine |
| Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis by DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV | Fluoroquinolones: 1. Ciprofloxacin 2. Norfloxacin 3. Ofloxacin 4.Levofloxacin |
| Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis by RNA polymerase | Rifamycins 1. Rifampin 2. Rifabutin |
| Uses for Rifampin | 1. Tx: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae 2. Chemoprophylaxis in close contacts of patients infected with Neisseria & Haemophilus influenzae type b |
| Uses for Metronidazole | Tx: 1. Protozoa: Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas 2. Gardnerella, Bacteroides fragilis, H.pylori 3. Severe antibiotic associated diarrhea |
| Uses for fluoroquinolone | Tx: Pseudomonas, Salmonella, E.coli, Campylobacter, Klebsiella |
| Uses for linezolid | Tx: vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA) |
| Uses for macrolides | Tx: 1. Gram positive infections in patients, who are hypersensitive to penicillin (and cephalosporin). 2. Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Bordetella. |
| Uses for macrolides | |
| Side effects of Penicillin and Cephalosporins | Urticaria skin rash-->Hypersensitivity reactions. Antibiotic associated diarrhea/Pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile overgrowth. |
| Beta lactamase inhibitors | Px: Clavulanic acid, added to penicillins to protect the antibiotic from inactivation by bacterial β-lactamase (penicillinase). |
| Monobactams is resistant to? | Beta-lactamases Aztreonam is useful in treating infections caused by Gram negative rods in patients allergic to penicillin |
| Vancomycin MOA | Bind to D-alanyl-D-alanine muramyl pentapeptide. Prevent transglycosylation (formation of the glycan chains) and indirectly elongation of the peptidoglycan chain via peptide crosslinking |
| Vancomycin Side effects | Red man syndrome, a diffuse flushing induced by histamine release OtotoxicityNephrotoxicity |
| Vancomycin uses | Severe antibiotic associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile MRSA Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis |
Created by:
Jameel D. Wilson
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