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Government Unit
Study Materials for Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Responsibilities / Duties Government has to the people | Protect citizens from foreign attacks ● Protect basic freedoms ● Create and enforce laws equally ● Help people take care of basic needs ● Build infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.) ● Issue licenses and permits |
| Responsibilities / Duties People have to the government | ● Obey laws ● Pay taxes ● Vote ● Get an education ● Be informed ● Serve on a jury ● Serve in the military |
| Where are the goals of the Constitution listed? | The Preamble |
| What are the goals of the Constitution | - create a more perfect union - provide for the common defence - ensure domestic tranquility - establish justice - promote the general welfare - secure the blessings of liberty |
| What is Popular Sovereignty? | the power of the government comes from the people |
| What is an example of Popular Sovereignty? | voting |
| What is Federalism? | the power is shared and divided between the federal government and the state/local governments |
| What is the Separation of Powers? | the idea that power is split between three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial |
| Why did the writers of the Constitution feel it was necessary to separate the powers? | The writers of the Constitution were worried that one person or group would abuse their power, so they split the power between three groups. |
| What are Checks and Balances? | Checks and balances were put into the Constitution so that a branch of the government could not abuse their power |
| Why did the writers of the Constitution feel it was necessary to include checks and balances in the Constitution? | They were still worried about one group taking too much power, so they gave each branch a way to stop the others. |
| What is the main job of the Legislative Branch? | write laws |
| How is the number of representatives each state gets in the House of Representatives determined? | A census is taken every 10 years to count the number of people that live in each state. The number of representatives depends on the population in that state. |
| How many Senators does each state have? | 2 |
| What is Congress? | The House of Representatives and the Senate |
| What is the Elastic Clause? | the part of the Constitution that allows the Congress to make laws that are “necessary and proper” for changing time |
| What is the main job of the Executive Branch? | enforce or carry out laws |
| Who is in the Executive Branch? | President, Vice President, and the Cabinet |
| What is the job of the President's Cabinet? | to advise the President on issues relating to their department |
| What job is the President doing when he/she is the Commander in Chief? | leading the military |
| What job is the President doing when he/she is enforcing the laws and doing day to day things? | Chief Executive |
| What job is the President doing when he/she vetoes or signs a bill? | Chief Legislator |
| What job is the President doing when he/she meets with leaders of foreign countries and negotiates treaties? | Chief of Foreign Policy |
| What is the main job of the Judicial Branch? | interprets laws |
| Who is in the Judicial Branch? | Supreme Court and lower courts |
| What is Judicial Review? | the power to declare a law or executive order unconstitutional |
| What Supreme Court Case established Judicial Review? | Marbury v Madison |
| What is the Bill of Rights? | the first 10 amendments in the Constitution |
| 1st Amendment | -freedom of speech -freedom of religion -freedom from religion -freedom of press -freedom to petition -freedom to peacefully assemble |
| 4th Amendment | people have the right to not have their property searched without a WARRANT or probable cause |
| 5th Amendment | Most important parts: -protection from double jeopardy -right to remain silent -right to due process (fair court process) |
| 6th Amendment | -right to a speedy trial in the state where the crime was committed -right to a jury -right to know what you are charged with -right to a lawyer -right to face the accuser of the crime -right to force people to be witnesses for you |
| 8th Amendment | -protection from cruel and unusual punishment -protection from unreasonable and excessive bail |
| What is bail? | money deposited to make sure the person shows up at court |
| What is due process? | fair court process |
| Checks from Legislative Branch to Executive Branch | -the Legislative Branch can override the President’s veto with ⅔ approval in Congress -the Senate confirms (approves) anyone the President appoints to the Supreme Court, Cabinet, ambassadors, etc. |
| Checks from Legislative Branch to Judicial Branch | -the Senate has to approve (confirm) judges appointed to the Supreme Court |
| Checks from Executive Branch to Legislative Branch | -the President can veto a bill sent by Congress |
| Checks from Executive Branch to Judicial Branch | -the President appoints judges to the Supreme Court |
| Checks from Judicial Branch to both Executive and Judicial Branch | can declare both executive orders and laws UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
| Delegated Powers | powers that only the Federal Government has |
| Concurrent Powers | -powers that shared between the Federal Government and the State/Local Governments |
| Reserved Powers | -powers that only the states/local government has |
| What are examples of Delegated Powers? | -print money -declare war -decide units of measure -US postal service -make treaties with foreign countries |
| What are examples of Concurrent Powers? | -collect taxes -write and pass laws -enforce laws -create and maintain a system of courts -borrow money |
| What are examples of Reserved Powers? | -create and regulate schools -regulations about marriage -build and maintain local roads -create local governments -provide and -regulate public services (healthcare, safety, etc.) |
| What is the Establishment Clause? | the part of the 1st Amendment that says that the US cannot establish a national religion |
| What is an Amendment? | a change to the Constitution |
| What is a jury? | a group of 12 people that help decide if a person is guilty of a crime |
Created by:
Wilding
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