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APHUG - Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| choropleth map | Maps with areas shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable |
| isoline map | Maps that show lines that join points of equal value. (For example, a topographic map is an isoline map on which lines join points of equal elevation.) |
| dot distribution map | Maps that use dot symbols to show the presence or quantity of a phenomenon. |
| proportional symbol map (graduated symbol map) | display the value of data aggregated from a given area using a symbol that is scaled up or down in proportion to the value. Put another way, the bigger the symbol, the larger the value it represents. |
| cartogram | A map in which a certain variable (such as population) is replaced by land area or distance, and the space of the map is altered in order to accommodate this new variable. |
| absolute distance | A distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a mile or kilometer. |
| relative distance | when less precise but often meaningful measures are used to describe separation between two points. |
| time-space compression | refers to the phenomenon where the advancements in technology and communication reduce the perceived distance between places, making it easier and faster for people, ideas, and goods to move across space. |
| map projection (map distortion) | Map projection is the method of representing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map. |
| Mercator projection | a map projection that fairly accurately shows shape and direction, but distorts distance and size of land masses. |
| Robinson Projection (compromise projection) | a map projection that attempts to minimize errors in distance, relative size, and compass direction but does not accurately depict any one of these factors wholly. |
| GIS | Geographic Information System - a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on one map, such as streets, buildings, and vegetation |
| GPS | Geographic Positioning System. This system uses data from satellites to pin-point a location on earth and help people find their way to a destination. |
| remote sensing | he technique of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically through satellites or aircraft, without making physical contact. |
| distance-decay | the theory that states that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decreases. |
| environmental determinism | that the environment determines, plays a decisive role, or causes social and cultural development. |
| environmental possibilism | while environmental conditions may provide challenges or advantages, it is ultimately human innovation and choice that dictate how those possibilities are realized. |
| geographic scale | refers to the level of detail and the spatial extent of a geographic phenomenon, often expressed in terms of size or area. |
| cartographic scale | the ratio of a distance on Earth compared to the same distance on a map. |
| Scale of Analysis (data scale) | refer to the level or perspective at which a problem or issue is studied or addressed. How the data is shown within a source. |
| formal (uniform) region | an area defined by specific, measurable characteristics that are consistent throughout the space. These regions are often marked by uniformity in one or more physical or cultural traits, such as language, climate, or economic activity. |
| functional (nodal) region | a geographic area defined by a specific set of activities or interactions that occur within it, often centered around a node or focal point. Example = radio station or a school district |
| region | a geographical area distinguished from surrounding areas by sharing at least one common characteristic, such as a similar culture, physical feature, political boundary, or economic activity, |
| perceptual (vernacular) region | a type of region that reflects the way people think about a certain area, often based on shared feelings, cultural identity, or historical experiences. Examples = Bible belt or the Midwest |
| Qualitative Data | data refers to non-numeric information that captures the qualities, characteristics, and experiences of a subject. |
| Quantitative data | data involves numeric information that can be measured and analyzed statistically, often used to identify patterns or trends. |
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