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E. National Period
Early National Period
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alexander Hamilton | : A leader in the Federalist Party and creator of the National Bank. |
| Federalist Party | Supporters of a strong national government, the Bank of the U.S., the Jay Treaty and the undeclared war on France. |
| Election of 1800 | First time power was peacefully transferred from one party to another |
| Democratic-Republicans | Believe in a weak national government and an agriculture economy |
| Manifest Destiny | Belief that it was American destiny to expand and take westward territory |
| Louisiana Purchase | Louisiana was bought from France in 1803 |
| Lewis and Clark | Was hired to explore western territory past the Mississippi river |
| Sacajawea | American Indian that guided Lewis and Clark |
| Oregon Territory | Gained after war of 1812 |
| War of 1812 | Conflict between the British and U.S. rose over the British confiscating American ships to fill the Royal Navy |
| Monroe Doctrine | American continents shouldn't be used for future colonization. United States would not interfere with European affairs |
| Andrew Jackson | President of the U.S. that over used his abilities as president |
| Missouri Compromise | Invisible line drew between the Louisiana Purchase. Slavery was prohibited above the line but not under |
| Compromise of 1850 | California entered as a free state, southern territories from Mexico would still decide on slavery on their own. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Kansas and Nebraska left slavery up to popular sovereignty |
| Spoils System | When campaign supporters are rewarded with public office, most closely associated with President Andrew Jackson |
| Cotton Kingdom | The South (prospered from slave-based agriculture) |
| Jay Treaty | When signed, this helped avert war with Britain, but was unpopular and led to the formation of the Democratic-Republican Party |
| Monroe Doctrine | a foreign policy statement that the United States would not tolerate European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. |
| Whigs | Along with the Know-Nothing Party, this party was formed in opposition to the Democratic Party. |
| John Marshall | His precedent-setting decisions established the Supreme Court as an independent and equal branch of the national government |
| Eli Whitney | His invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of slavery based agriculture |
| Cotton Gin | Invented by Eli Whitney, this device led to the development of the Cotton Kingdom. |
| Trail of Tears | When several American Indian tribes were relocated from the Atlantic Coast to Oklahoma |
| Texas Revolution | Conflict in which Texas won its independence from Mexico |
| Mexican War | Led to the acquisition of the Southwestern territory (including California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and parts of Colorado and New Mexico) |
| Jacksonian Era | Also known as the "age of the common man" when voter participation increased, style of campaigning changed and interest group and sectional issues rose |
| Nullification Crisis | When South Carolina threatened to secede unless it could nullify acts of Congress - President Jackson threatened to send troops to prevent S.C. from refusing to pay tariffs |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Repealed the Missouri Compromise line and said popular sovereignty would determine whether or not slavery was permitted in the territories |
| Tariff of 1832 | Prompted South Carolinians to argue that sovereign states could nullify acts of Congress. |
| Fugitive Slave Acts | Pitted southern slave owners against northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | established the doctrine of implied powers |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Established a broadly national view of economic affairs |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Established slaves were property not citizens and not protected by the Constitution |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Beginning of the organization of the women's rights movement (1848) |
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