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Jit-Ap History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Influence of Confucianism and Buddhism on East Asia | Shaped political structures, social values, education systems, and cultural practices, particularly in China, Korea, and Japan. |
| Filial piety | The duty of family members to subordinate their desires to those of the male head of the family and to the ruler. |
| Chinese literary and scholarly traditions and their spread to Heian Japan & Korea | ___ copied Chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature. ____ followed China's politics and culture; adopted Confucian and Buddhist beliefs. |
| Theravada Buddhism | Strongest in Asia, focused on personal spiritual growth. Meditation/Self discipline. |
| Mahayana Buddhism | Strongest in China/Korea, focused on spiritual growth for all beings. |
| Tibetan Buddhism | Strongest in Tibet, focused on chanting. |
| Champa Rice | Fast-ripening and drought resistant grain from the Champa Kingdom, expanded agricultural production in China. |
| Grand Canal Expansion | An inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system extending over 30,000 miles. |
| Steel and Iron East Asia | Steel tipped arrows; created armor, swords. |
| Textiles and porcelains for export. | High quality silk and porcelain in China was traded through the Silk Road. |
| Seljuk Empire | Seljuks brought Turkic culture and Islam into Anatolia, latermorhped into Ottoman Empire. |
| Mamluk Sultanate | (1250-1517) Mamluks seized control of the government and established it. Promoted cotton and sugar. |
| Delhi Sultanate | (13th-16th centuries) Islamic Empire, reigned for 300 years. Prevented Mongols for conquering South Asia. |
| Advances in mathematics | Islamic scholars translated mathematical text from India to Europe; decimal system, algebra, trigonometry, and arabic numerals. |
| Nasir al-Din al-Tusi | Islamic Scholar contributed to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine.Observatory build lead to accurate astronomical charts. |
| Advances in Literature | Islamic scholars translated Greek literacy to Roman. |
| A’lshah al-Ba’uniyyah | Sufi poet & mystic,most creative female Muslim writer before 20th Century. One of her works honored Muhammad. Poetry reflects contrast between Muslims & Sufis. |
| Advances in medicine | Islamic scholars developed techniques like distillation, crystallization, and alcohol as an antiseptic. |
| Bhakti movement | Started in Southern India, did ost discriminate women or law/status. Helped spread Hinduism. Preferred direct relation with gods. |
| Srivijaya Empire | Mainly Buddhist kingdom based on Sumatra. Prospered by charging fees from traveling ships between India and China. Dominated for centuries weakened by expansion of other powers. (Majapahit Kingdom). |
| Majapahit Kingdom | Sustained power through sea routes. Majapahit-Hindu Kingdom, began slow decline after several leaders passed away. |
| Vjayanagara Empire | Name from the victorious city "Two brothers Harihara and Bukka. The brothers converted from Hindus to Islam. The empire existed mid-1300s-1500s until groups of Muslim Empires overthrew it. |
| Rajput Kingdoms | Formed in north India(Pakistan). Hindu Kingdoms led by numerous clans. No centralized government, vulnerable to Muslim attacks. |
| Khmer Empire | Situated near Mekong River. Its irrigation and drainage systems led to economic prosperity. One of the most prosperous kingdoms in Southeast Asia. |
| Sukhothai kingdom | 1431 Thais invaded Angkor Wat forcing Khmers out. Ruins still stand showing the powerful influence of Southeast Asian culture and Indian culture. |
| Sinhala dynasties | Buddhists arrived 3rd century B.C.E-center of Buddhist study.The government created an irrigation system contributing to economic growth. Attackers from India and monarchy conflicts weakened the kingdom. |
| Maya city-states | Reached height between 250 and 900 C.E. Stretched overs southern arts of Mexico. Most lived in cities from sizes around 5k-50k people. |
| Cahokia | Largest Earth mound in southern Illinois. Abandoned in 1450. Theory of moving due to weather and crop failures. |
| Chaco | Culture that built large housing structures using stones and clay. |
| Mesa Verde | Culture brought multi-story homes in sides of cliffs with sandstone bricks. |
| Chaco & Mesa Verde | People developed ways to collect, transport, and store water efficiently. Both groups declined in late 13th century as climate got drier. |
| The Aztecs | Also known as Mexicas, originally hunter-gatherers who migrated to central Mexico from the north in the 1200s. Founded Tenochtitlán, in 1325. Over next 100 years conquered surroundings created an empire from Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Inca | In 1438, Pachacuti began conquering tribes near Cuzco Peru. Victories formed Incan Empire, extended from present-day Ecuador in the north to Chile in the south. By 1493, Pachacuti's grandson Huayana Capac ruled, focusing on maintaining conquering lands. |
| Ghana | Settled Sahara and tropical rain forests-West African coast. Kingdom founded 5 century, 2 centuries before Muhammad's time. Peaked in 8-11 centuries. Rulers sold gold/ivory to Muslim traders in exchange for salt/copper. Koumbi Saleh ruled centralized gov. |
| Mali | 12 Century: wars with states weakened Ghanaian state. Trading societies arose. Founding ruler, Sundiata muslim connected trade with North Africa and Arabs. Sundiata made gold trade-wealth grew. Mansa Musa made pilgrimage to Mecca, displayed gold. |
| Great Zimbabwe | End of 13th Century, a massive wall of stone. (30 ft tall x 15 ft thick) sounded the capital. First large wall built in continent. In late 15th century, nearly 20,000 people resided. Overgrazing damage surroundings abandoned end of 1400s. |
| Ethiopia | Christianity spread east of Mediterranean Sea south Egypt & beyond. Kingdom of Axum traded goods from India, Arabia, Roman Empire, and interior of Africa. 7th century, Islam more religious. 12th century Christian kingdom emerged through architecture. |
| Hausa kingdoms | 7 states loosely connected through kinship ties, no central authority. People established prospering city-states. Cotton grew well. Region lacked sea access. |
| Ibn Battuta | 14th Century:Observation on Mali society-cultural forces at work in Sub-Saharan Africa. Islamic gov. in Mogadishu and Delhi sought advice. Lecture on Islam's growth connected Asia, Africa, southern Europe. African societies to adopt Islam religions. |
| Timbuktu | City in Mali, major trading post; center of Islamic culture. |
| Songhai | Major player in trans-Saharan trade route trading gold, salt, ivory, copper... |
| Sufism | Mystical movement within Islam that seeks to find divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God. |
| Buddhist monasticism | Fundamental institution of Buddhism that includes a variety of orders and monasteries |
| House of Wisdom | Scholars traveled from the Abbasid Empire to Baghdad to study at a learning center. |
| Feudalism | System in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, in return worked and fought for them. |
| Manorial system | Provided economic self-sufficiency and defense. Manor produced everything people required, limiting trade/contact with outsiders. Manor grounds were small villagers including church, blacksmith shops, mills, and wine presses. |
| Serfdom | Not enslaved, but tied to the land. In exchange for protection by lord of the manor, paid tribute in crops, labor, or coins. |
| Christianity | Christianity spread through military conquest, commercial exchange, and cultural diffusion. |
| Judaism | Jewish communities in Europe experienced a variety of challenges, including expulsions, persecution, and massacres |
| Islam | Islam spread into Europe and caused religious tension, as well as cross-cultural contact that led to the exchange of scientific and mathematical knowledge |
Created by:
Jitendra12
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