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Mesopotamia & Egypt
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| monothesism | belief in one god |
| river valley civilizations | earliest civilizations that developed around rivers for the fresh water supply, the fertile land, and protection the river provided |
| dynasty | series of rulers from the same family |
| Abraham | founder of Judaism |
| diaspora | dispersion (spreading out) of the Jews outside of Israel |
| Code of Hammurabi | first law code; written in Babylon by King Hammurabi; famous for "an eye for an eye" |
| Mesopotamia | Means "land between two rivers"; land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Sumer is located there |
| Hebrews | Early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They developed the monotheistic religion of Judaism |
| Phoenicians | maritime (people who lived along the coast and used boats a lot) people who lived on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea; they developed the first alphabet, and traded murex (purple dye) |
| Judasim | monotheistic religion founded by Abraham; holy text is the Torah |
| Torah | holy text of Judaism |
| Jerusalem | holy city in Israel, sacred to Jews, Muslims, and Christians |
| city-state | a city and its surrounding farm lands |
| Cuneiform | form of writing developed by the Sumerians; it's wedge-shaped and written on clay tablets |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known literary works |
| rigid class system | social class system in which one in born into a certain class and remains there for their entire life |
| pictograms | earliest forms of writing in which pictures represent words or ideas |
| heiroglyphics | ancient Egyptian writing |
| Rosetta Stone | huge stone slap with hieroglyphic and Greek writing; enabled historians to learn how to read ancient hieroglyphics |
| Nile River | river that flows through Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea |
| Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | two rivers that form the outside border of Mesopotamia |
| Nubia | civilization south of Egypt; they traded with Egypt and Egypt's influences are seen throughout this society |
| Hereditary | passed down from generation to generation |
| slavery | not based on race; based on capture or debt usually |
| delta | low triangular region where the Nile river empties into the Mediterranean Sea; very fertile land |
| flooding | river water comes over river banks; this leaves fertile soil good for growing crops |
| Pharaoh | king of Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader |
| mummification | process of embalming and drying corpses (dead bodies) to prevent them from decaying; this prepared pharaohs for the afterlife |
| pyramid | huge, triangular structure in Egypt; burial tombs for the pharaohs |
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