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Unit 3 Vocabulary
Ch. 6-8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | All of a specific groups learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects |
| Cultural Trait | Elements of culture that are visible & invisible and that make up the aspects of a particular culture |
| Culture Complex | The name for interrelated cultural traits that represent different values, beliefs, & traditions which define a culture |
| Folk Culture | The beliefs & practices of small, homogenous groups often living in rural areas & are relatively isolated & slow to change |
| Culture Hearth | The area in which a unique culture or specific trait develops. In regards to religion, this is where the religion originated |
| Polytheistic | Belief in more than 1 God |
| Culture Realm | Larger areas that include several regions that all share a few cultural traits |
| Globalization | The process of intensified interaction among people, governments, & companies of different countries around the globe |
| Popular Culture | Culture traits (clothing, music, movies, businesses, etc) that spread quickly over large areas & are adopted by various groups |
| Relocation Diffusion | The main type of diffusion that spreads a cultural trait by people migrating and taking those traits with them |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread or diffusion of cultural traits through direct or indirect exchange without migration (there are 2 types of this) |
| Contagious Diffusion | Diffusion that occurs when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of culture traits outward from people or places of importance |
| Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion | When a trait diffuses from a lower class to a higher class |
| Stimulus Diffusion | Occurs when people in a culture adopt an idea or process from another culture, but modify it b/c they reject 1 trait of it |
| Acculturation | When an immigrant moves to a new area & adopts the values & practices of the larger group there, while still maintaining major elements of their own culture |
| Assimilation | This happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group |
| Multiculturalism | The coexistence of several cultures in one society, with all cultures being valued and worthy of study |
| Nativist | Anti-immigrant attitudes among the cultural majority. Can bring violence or government action against the immigrant group |
| Sense of Place | The connection or personal attachment a person feels to a specific location |
| Taboos | Behaviors that are heavily discouraged by a culture |
| Linguists | Scientists who study languages |
| Romance Language | The grouping of distinct regional languages that Latin diverged into |
| Indo-European Language Family | The largest of the 15 major language families |
| Language Tree | The way that language families are often shown. It suggests how languages are related & grow out of each other |
| Dialect | Variations in a language through accents, spelling, vocabulary, accents, etc |
| Isogloss | The boundaries between various pronunciations or word usage |
| Adage | Sayings specific to a dialect that attempt to express a truth about life |
| Lingua Franca | A common language used by people who do not share the same native language |
| Slang | Informal usage of a word by a segment of the population |
| Creole Language | When 2 or more separate languages mix & develop a new combined language. Occurs by mixing a colonizers language with that of the indigenous people |
| Pidgin Language | A simplified mixture of 2 languages (often used for trade) that has fewer grammar rules & a smaller vocabulary & is not the native language of either group |
| Swahili | Language that developed as early as 8th century b/c of trade between Arab speaking merchants & Bantu speaking residents |
| Official Language | A language designated by the law to be the language of that government |
| Ethnicity | Membership in a group of people who share characteristics like language, ancestry, customs, history & common experiences |
| Nationality | The name used to describe people’s connection to a particular country |
| Fundamentalism | An attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith. This is typically strongest closest to the religion’s hearth |
| Theocracies | Type of government that is run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws |
| Sharia | The name for the Islamic legal framework of a Country |
| Animism | The belief that non-living objects, such as rivers & mountains, have a spirit |
| Monotheistic | Belief in 1 God |
| Caste System | The class structure that shaped Indian society and historically worked closely with Hinduism |
| Ethnic Religion | Religion that emphasizes strong cultural characteristics among followers & most members are born or adopted into it |
| Universalizing Religion | Religion that actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of ethnic background |
| Pilgrimage | A religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion |
| Diaspora | When one group of people is dispersed to various locations (can be forced- ex. Jews or Voluntary) |
| Ethnic Island | Ethnic concentrations in rural areas (have cultural imprints like housing & agricultural dwellings that reflect heritage) |
| Sequent Occupancy | Cultural imprints left by an ethnic group on a landscape that survives through time. Could refer to street names, place names, buildings, etc |
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