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APUSH Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1754 - 1763 | French and Indian War |
| 1763 | Pontiac’s Rebellion |
| March 5, 1770 | Boston Massacre |
| 1772 | Gaspee Industrial |
| December 16, 1773 | Boston Tea Party |
| April 18 - 19, 1775 | Battle of Lexington and Concord |
| June 17, 1775 | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| December 26, 1776 | Battle of Trenton |
| October 7, 1777 | Battle of Saratoga |
| 1777 - 1778 | Valley Forge |
| 1781 | Battle of Yorktown |
| 1786 - 1787 | Shays’ Rebellion |
| What is Gaspee Industrial | Colonists burned down the ship that stops smuggling in Rhode Island |
| What is the Battle of Bunker Hill | BRITISH WON, British suffered over 1,000 casualties but Patriots ran out of gunpowder, moral victory + force King to send Hessians |
| What is the Battle of Trenton | PATRIOTS WON Washington captured 1,000 Hessians when they were sleeping after Christmas in NJ, made up for the loss in NY, stopped him from being replaced |
| What is the Battle of Saratoga | PATRIOTS WON British General Burgoyne surrendered in NY to General Gates, turning point in war, French now wanted to join |
| What is Shays’ Rebellion | Series of attacks against courthouses + gov. properties cuz Daniel Shays tired of taxes + debt when he served for the war |
| Colonial Fighting Methods | Indian-Guerilla style |
| Colonial Military Discipline | No protocols |
| Colonial Finances | Resistant to taxes |
| Colonial Demeanor | Casual / non-professional |
| British Fighting Methods | March in Formation / bayonets |
| British Military Discipline | Drills / tough discipline |
| British Finances | Colonists should pay for defense |
| British Demeanor | Prima-donna / uppity |
| Colonial Military Strategy | War of attrition (outlast Britain), Guerilla tactics, Alliance w/ France |
| British Military Strategy | Blockade ports / stop supplies, Organized firing lines, Use loyalists |
| Colonies Population | Low population |
| Colonies Manufacturing | No manufacturing |
| Colonies Money | No money |
| Colonies Army | Poorly trained soldiers |
| Colonies Leaders | Dedicated officers + foreign leaders |
| Colonies Geography | Familiar land, easy access to supplies |
| Colonies Navy | No navy |
| Colonies Will to Fight | Lots of motivation for defending homeland |
| British Population | High population |
| British Manufacturing | Good manufacturing |
| British Money | Lots of money |
| British Army | Highly trained soldiers |
| British Leaders | Few good leaders |
| British Geography | Foreign land, difficult to resupply |
| British Navy | Strongest navy |
| British Will to Fight | No motivation, troops heartless |
| Articles of Confederation Weaknesses | No tax collection, executive power, court system, commerce regulation + high taxes b/w states |
| Articles of Confederation Strengths | Make treaties, Borrow money, Send diplomatic reps, War Alliance w/France ends, LAND ORDINANCE / NW ORDINANCE, Won the war = have ppl’s loyalty |
| Samuel Adams | organized local committees of correspondence |
| George Washington | commander of continental army |
| Roger Sherman | signed all 4 docs + promoted Connecticut Compromise |
| Marquis de Lafayette | secured aid from France for patriots |
| General Nathanael Greene | fighting quaker and strategy is stand than retreat |
| General Charles Cornwallis | British General, Yorktown surrender |
| Benjamin Franklin | Albany Plan, Join/Unite or Die, sent to Paris as an envoy for alliance |
| John Dickenson | Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania, drafted Olive Branch + A.O.C. |
| Paul Revere | midnight rider Lexington and Concord |
| Baron von Steuben | Prussian drill master, trained continental army, Valley Forge |
| Henry Knox | revolutionary leader who brought 59 cannons to Boston |
| James Otis | “No taxation w/o representation”, lawyer in writs of assistance |
| William Pitt | Britain’s Prime Minister promised colonists to be reimbursed + protected |
| Patrick Henry | 2.0 Imitator |
| John Hancock | Smuggler + financier of revolution |
| Crispus Attucks | leader of Boston Massacre, first to die |
| John Adams | defense lawyer for British soldiers in Boston Massacre |
| Benedict Arnold | traitor to loyalists, general leader, had enough of being discredited |
| Deborah Sampson | spy for patriots, disguised as a man, IOU paid by samuel adams |
| Molly Pitcher | provided water for the cannons in the battlefield |
| Daniel Shays | veteran who received lots debt + taxes from state gov |
| Abigail Adams | wrote to John to remember the ladies |
| 1754: French + British forces clashed at a fort, Washington’s fault | First Clash @ Fort Duquesne (French) |
| 1754 - 1763: Conflict b/w France + Britain for control of North American territory | French and Indian War |
| 1754: Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan for colonial unity + keep Iroquois loyal but was rejected | Albany Plan |
| 1763: Ended the French and Indian War, ceding French territories in North America + Spanish Florida to Britain | 1st Treaty of Paris |
| 1763: Pontiac will start a rebellion cuz he’s mad about French and Indian War UNSUCCESSFUL | Pontiac’s Rebellion |
| 1763: Prohibited colonists from settling west of Appalachian Mts. | Proclamation of 1763 |
| 1764: Excise tax on sugar | Sugar Act |
| 1764: Told colonists to stop printing money and use only gold, silver, British currency | Currency Act |
| 1765: Required colonists to house and supply British soldiers in America | Quartering Act |
| 1765: 1st time direct tax ever + on printed materials (newspapers, documents, paper) in colonies | Stamp Act |
| 1766: Asserted Parliament's authority to legislate + tax for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever." | Declaratory Act |
| 1767: Taxed tea, glass, paint, paper + eternal tax | Townshend Acts |
| 1767: General search warrants and were legalized to enforce the acts + stop smuggling | Writs of Assistance |
| 1767: Series of essays arguing against Townshend Acts and how it affected everyone not just Massachusetts | Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania from John Dickenson |
| 1768 - 1770: Put down protests against acts + reaction to Boston Massacre | Mass arrival of British soldiers in Boston |
| March 5, 1770 | Boston Massacre |
| 1772: Colonists burned the British smuggling-stopper Gaspee ship in Providence, Rhode Island | Gaspee Industrial |
| 1772 - 1776: Samuel Adams organized network for communication/coordination b/w all colonies for Patriots | First Committee of Correspondence |
| 1773: Gave British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales, tea was cheap for colonists, colonial merchants hurt | Tea Act |
| December 16, 1773 | Boston Tea Party |
| 1774: Boston Port bill, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act (Redcoats trialed in Britain), Quartering Act expanded | Intolerable Acts |
| 1774: Colonial delegates met to coordinate a response to British policies | First Continental Congress |
| April 18 - 19, 1775: 1st Battle of the Revolutionary War | Battle of Lexington and Concord |
| May 10, 1775: Came together after 1st Battle to manage war efforts + move towards independence | Second Continental Congress Met |
| June 17, 1775: Patriots ran out of gunpowder, British suffered more casualties, King will start sending Hessians | Bunker Hill |
| July 1775: Last ditch effort to reconcile w/King | Olive Branch Petition |
| 1775: Declared the colonies in rebellion and cut off all trade | Prohibitory Act |
| 1775 - 1781: Governing body during the American Revolution, overseeing the war + independence efforts | Second Continental Congress |
| 1776: Pamphlet advocating for independence from Britain | Thomas Paine Common Sense |
| 1776: Colonists declared Independence from Britain | Declaration of Independence |
| December 26, 1776: Washington captured 1,000 Hessians after Christmas in NJ | Battle of Trenton |
| October 7, 1777: British General Burgoyne surrendered in NY to General Gates, turning point in war, French joins | Battle of Saratoga |
| 1777 - 1778: Continental Army's winter camp; hardship but critical military training | Valley Forge |
| 1778: Agreement where France allied with American colonies against Britain | Treaty of Alliance |
| 1781: Final major battle of the Revolutionary War; American victory | Battle of Yorktown |
| 1781: Established first framework/form of government for U.S. | Articles of Confederation go into effect |
| 1783: Officially ended the Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence | 2nd Treaty of Paris |
| 1784: Treaty with Native Americans to cede land to US, promised to protect Iroquois DIDN’T UPHOLD | US Treaty of Fort Stanwix |
| 1785: Source of revenue for the gov; one section of land set aside for public education in each town; grid system | Land Ordinance |
| 1786: Meeting to address barriers that limited trade/commerce b/w states, no progress Maryland didn’t show | Annapolis Convention |
| 1786: Established religious liberty, influencing the First Amendment | Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom |
| 1786 - 1787: Attacks against courthouses + gov. properties led by Daniel Shays, tired of taxes + debt when he’s a veteran | Shays' Rebellion |
| 1787: Set the standard for creating new states; prohibited slavery; pop. 60,000 | Northwest Ordinance |
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Sammygaga
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