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Molecular Evolution

TermDefinition
Evolution of a new gene/protein that is genetically independent of the ancestral gene from which it arose. Speciation
A gene/protein related to a second gene/protein by descent from a common ancestral gene by speciation. Homolog
Genes/proteins in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation and that retain the same function. Ortholog
Genes/proteins related by duplication of a common ancestral gene that evolves new functions even if related to that of the ancestor. Paralog
Evolution of similar features or properties in genes/proteins of different genetic lineages. Convergent Evolution
Stochastic single point changes in the genetic material due to errors in DNA replication during mitosis, radiation exposure, chemical or environmental stressors, or viruses and transposable elements. Mutation (SNP)
Recombination Exchange of genes or portions of genes between different chromosomes to create new combinations of elements.
Gene Duplication Duplication of a gene or portions of a gene, one of which continues the original function and the other is free to evolve and acquire new functions.
Retrotransposition Incorporation of mRNA sequences back into DNA, frequently inserting into new locations with different expression patterns.
Created by: francescmontoro
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