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Medieval Towns
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agriculture | the practice of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock; farming |
| urbanization | the process of cities growing and higher percentages of people coming to live in the city |
| barter | exchange of goods and services without using money |
| surplus | an amount of something left over when requirements have been met |
| specialize | to concentrate on and become an expert in a particular subject or skill |
| charter | a written grant of rights and privileges by a ruler or government to a community |
| guild | an organization of people in the same craft and trade; business groups |
| apprentice | a person who works for a master in a trade or craft in return for training |
| journeyman | craftsperson who found work "by the day" instead of becoming a master and employing others |
| commerce | the process of delivering products from manufacturers to consumers |
| trade | the action of buying and selling goods and services in exchange for money |
| merchant | a person who buys and sells goods for profit |
| merchant fair | merchants from many countries come to one location to sell goods from all over; trade fairs |
| market | where food and local goods were bought and sold in public |
| leprosy | a disease of the skin and nerves caused by infection that triggers open sores |
| bloodletting | the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure an illness |
| trial by ordeal | the accused person had to pass a dangerous test, such as being thrown into a deep well |
| trial by combat | the accused person had to fight to prove his or her innocence |
| common law | a body of rulings made by judges or traditional laws that become part of a nation's legal system |
| judiciary | court system |