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Topic 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| glacier | a thick sheet of ice |
| settlement | a place or region newly settled |
| surplus | an excess, or an extra amount |
| city-state | a political unit that controls a city and its surrounding land |
| causeway | a raised road made of packed earth |
| civilization | a society - or a people sharing a language, territory, and economy - that has certain basic features |
| quipu | a device made of cord or string with knots that stood for quantities; used by the Inca to keep accounts and records |
| terrace | a wide shelf of land cut into a hillside |
| culture | an entire way of life developed by a people |
| adobe | dried brick |
| pueblo | a town in the Spanish colonies |
| culture region | a region in which people share a similar way of life |
| tribe | a community of people that share common customs, language, and rituals |
| diffusion | the process of spreading ideas from one culture to another |
| potlatch | a ceremonial dinner held by some American Indians of the Northwest Coast to show off their wealth |
| clan | a group of two or more related families |
| Iroquois League | the alliance of the Iroquois nations |
| feudalism | a system of rule by lords who ruled their own lands but owned loyalty and military service to a monarch |
| manor | an area ruled by a lord, including the lord’s castle and lands around it |
| Crusades | between 1100 and 1300, the series of wars fought by the Christians to control Palestine, or the Holy Land |
| astrolabe | a navigational instrument used to determine latitude, or location north or south of Earth’s equator |
| Silk Road | a network of overland trade routes linking China to the Middle East |
| caravan | a group of people who travel together for safety |
| kinship | a relationship between people who share a common ancestor, or a system of classifying such relationships |
| Renaissance | the burst of learning in Europe from the late 1300s to about 1600 |
| colony | an area settled and ruled by the government fo a distant land |
| turning point | a moment in history that marks a decisive change |
| circumnavigate | to travel all the way around Earth |
| Columbian Exchange | the global exchange of goods and ideas resulting from the encounter between the peoples of the Eastern and Western hemispheres |
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