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Q3
Q3 Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Not influenced by emotion or personal opinion | Objective |
| Decisions based on emotion or personal opinion | Subjective |
| Newspapers, diaries, birth certificate | Primary Sources |
| Encyclopedias, Textbooks | Secondary Sources |
| Reason for the founding of the Jamestown Colony | Money, profit |
| Reason for the founding of the Plymouth Colony | Religious freedom |
| Political, economic and religous freedoms | Reasons for English settlement in the New World |
| Bad weather, difficult voyage, hostile natives, lack of food | Challenges faced by English settlers |
| He saved Jamestown by making sure every colonist shared in the work | John Smith |
| She made peace between the Jamestown colony and the Powhatan tribe | Pocahontas |
| He introduced tobacco which helped the Jamestown colony to grow prosperous | John Rolfe |
| Jamestown was founded in this year. | 1607 |
| The first settlers of Jamestown | "gentlemen" in search of gold |
| Early English freedoms were written in this document | Magna Carta |
| The Fundamental Order of Connecticut and Pennsylvania's “Frame of Government” were early types of what? | Constitutions |
| Roger Williams (RI) and Lord Baltimore (MD) desired what type of freedom and tolerance? | Religious |
| The Zenger Trial established freedom for what? | the Press |
| The House of Burgesses (1619) was the first of this type of government in the New World | Representative |
| What document did the Pilgrims create at Plymouth? | The Mayflower Compact |
| What is a way to restate the term "Civil Body Politic"? | Government of-by-for all the people |
| Permission to settle a colony | Charter |
| To leave one's home country | Emigrate |
| To move into a new country | Immigrate |
| Unfair opinions | Bias |
| To steal another person's work | Plagiarism |
| A representative in Colonial Virginia | Burgess |
| A person who travels for religious reasons | Pilgrim |
| Agreement | Compact |
| The idea that people should decide their own government | Popular Sovereignty |
| Trade & Economic Opportunities, Political and Religious Freedom, and new Territory/Land were motives for what? | European settlement in the New World |
| Crowded, Dirty, Diseases, Low Food, Dangerous | Conditions for early colonists on the journey to North America |
| Water access for trade and agriculture, fear of the natives, impassable mountains and forests | Reasons early English colonists stayed close to the Atlantic coast |
| Understanding foundations; Learning from past mistakes & successes; gaining diverse perspectives; becoming engaged citizens; making current connections | Reasons to study U.S. History |
| Firsthand accounts by people at the time of an event | Primary Sources |
| Accounts of an event later in time by someone who was not there to witness the event | Secondary Sources |
| Part of the Triangular Trade Route from Africa to the New World that placed enslaved Africans in horrible conditions | Middle Passage |
| The first Africans arrived in which colony? | Jamestown |
| New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island | New England Colonies |
| New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware | Middle Colonies |
| Maryland, Virginia, North & South Carolina, Georgia | Southern Colonies |
| 1735 case that ruled against censoring the press when it rightly criticizes the government | The Zenger Trial |
| Colonial government plan that first proposed a three branch system | Pennsylvania Frame of Government (1682) |
| The six "roots" of our Liberty Tree | Popular Sovereignty, Compact, Social Contract, Consent of the Governed, Self-Determination, Civil Body Politic |
| Rhode Island Colony and the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 promoted what freedom? | Religion |
| The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut expanded what right? | Voting |
| Ben Franklin's proposal for colonial self government in 1754 | The Albany Plan of Union |
| The first system of government for the new United States | The Articles of Confederation |
| The term in the Declaration of Independence that means "obvious" | self-evident |
| The term in the Declaration of Independence that means "cannot be taken away" | unalienable |
| What is the main purpose of government? | to protect natural rights |
| English philosopher who proposed the idea of natural rights | John Locke |
| What citizens should do if their government becomes abusive | Alter or abolish and create a new government |
| The Pilgrims and "strangers" signed this agreement in 1620 for the "general good of the colony". | The Mayflower Compact |
| The House of Burgesses (1619) was the first of this type of government in the colonies | Representative |
| Government type in which citizens vote for representatives | Republicanism |
| Two early conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans in New England | Pequot War & King Philip's War |
| Member of a state or nation | Citizen |
| Actions of a citizen to benefit their community | Civic Virtue |
| Making decisions that help keep the community safe, fair, and successful so people can live and grow together. | Common Good |
| Opening statement of the Constitution | Preamble |
| Reason for the Constitution as stated in the Preamble | In order to form a more perfect Union |
| To do what is right | justice |
| Word in the Preamble meaning "peace” | tranquility |
| Word in the Preamble meaning "future generations" | posterity |
| No power to tax, no common currency, no unified national government | Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| The "Shot Heard 'Round the World" | Battles of Lexington and Concord |
| "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| The American Army spent a difficult winter at this loctaion in Pennsylvania | Valley Forge |
| "At (this place) the British could not retreat, bottled up by Washington and the French fleet (this guy) surrendered and finally we had won!" | Yorktown--Cornwallis |
| "Now the ride of (this guy) set the nation on its ear" | Paul Revere |
| Citizen Soldiers ready to fight quickly | Minutemen |
| Location for the first battles of the French and Indian War | The Forks of the Ohio River Valley |
| Major American Victory in 1777 that convinced the French to join the War | Saratoga |
| He betrayed the Americans | Benedict Arnold |
| The British imposed taxes on the American Colonies to pay for what war? | The French and Indian War |
| Member of the Powhatan tribe who saved John Smith | Pocahontas |
| Major Cash Crop in Colonial Virginia | Tobacco |
| Replaced tobacco as the main southern cash crop | Cotton |
| Who said, "We are all Republicans: we are all Federalists. We are all Americans."? | Thomas Jefferson (first inaugural address (1801) |
| Who warned the United States to stay away from foreign alliances? | George Washington |
| Which founder was an important voice in having a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? | George Mason |
| Word for a two-house legislative body | bicameral |
| The role of the Legislative Branch | make laws |
| the role of the Executive Branch | enforce laws |
| the role of the Judicial Branch | decide the rightness of laws |
| the right of the Supreme Court to decide the Constitutionality of laws | Judicial Review |
| Which President approved the Alien and Sedition Acts? | John Adams |
| What was the "scandal" in which three French officials demanded bribes from the American Ambassadors? | The X-Y-Z Affair |
| Shared power between state and national governments | Federalism |
| Plan for the Constitution that favored large states and provided a bicameral legislature | Virginia Plan |
| Plan for the Constitution that favored small tates and provided a unicameral legislature | New Jersey Plan |
| Allows branches of government to watch over each other to ensure none have too much power | Checks and Balances |
| What was the solution that combined the various plans for the Constitution? | The Great Compromise |
| How did the framers of the Constitution deal with the issue of slavery? | The 3/5ths Compromise |
| What can be added to the Constitution to make changes to the document? | Amendment |
| Who is the leader of the Executive Branch? | President |
| George Washington set many patterns for later Presidents to follow. These patterns are also known as what? | Precedents (examples: two terms; being called "Mr. President"; appointing a cabinet) |
| This group believed in a strong national government in charge of the economy | Federalists |
| This group believed in a limited national government that allowed citizens to live freely | Anti-Federalists / Democratic-Republicans |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee essential freedoms such as speech, worship, privacy and legal protection. | Bill of Rights |
| Old English document that is the foundation for natural rights | Magna Carta (1215) |
| Serve on a jury when asked, obey all laws, Sserve in the armed forces when required to, pay taxes to support the services and programs of the government, vote in elections to express their opinion on how the government should be run. | Responsibilities of a citizen |
| Provides protections: to express ideas through speech and the press, to assemble or gather with a group to protest or for other reasons, and to ask the government to fix problems. It also protects the right to religious beliefs and practices. | First Amendment |
| Protects the right to keep and bear arms. | Second Amendment |
| Prevents the government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes. | Third Amendment |
| Bars the government from unreasonable search and seizure of an individual or their private property. | Fourth Amendment |
| Legal protections: A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense; no loss of property without compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law | Fifth Amendment |
| Legal Protections: right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer. | Sixth Amendment |
| Extends the right to a jury trial in Federal civil cases. | Seventh Amendment |
| Bars excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishment. | Eighth Amendment |
| Listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been spelled out. | Ninth Amendment |
| The Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people. | Tenth Amendment |
| Which colony experienced hardship and a "starving time" because the settlers were unprepared. | Jamestown |
| A person who agrees to work for a period of time to earn their freedom in the colonies | Indentured Servant |
| Economic needs, captured in war, criminals | First reasons for people becoming slaves |
| Stamps and Tea were examples of what policy? | British taxes |
| Economic system that enriched the Mother Country at the expense of the colonies | Mercantilism |
| Radical, pro-independence groups in the colonies | Sons & Daughters of Liberty |
| Midnight party in December, 1773 | Boston Tea Party |
| March 5, 1770 tragedy | The Boston Massacre |
| Colonist that supported liberty | Patriot |
| Colonist that opposed independence | Loyalist |
| Anti-tax cry of the colonists | "No taxation without representation!" |
| An important figure in creating the Bill of Rights | George Mason |
| 13th Amendment | Abolition of Slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Citizenship and Due Process |
| 15th Amendment | Voting rights for Black men |
| Era following the Civil War in the South | Reconstruction |
| Prevented Blacks from using their civil rights | Jim Crow Laws |
| Separating people based on race, religion, etc | Segregation |
| White supremacist group in the Reconstruction Era | Ku Klux Klan |
| Which two colonies were founded by the Pilgrims and Puritans? | Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay |
| How many original English colonies were there? | 13 |
| The belief that states could decide what laws they could reject | Nullification |
| The belief that the United States had a right to expand West | Manifest Destiny |
| Division of the nation based on regional differences | Sectionalism |
| Keeping the same number of slave and free states represented | Balance of Power |
| Free and slave states needed equal representation in this part of Congress | the senate |
| Setting people free from slavery | Emancipation |
| To break away | Secede |
| The southern states formed this group | Confederation/Confederacy |
| A person who exposes the problems of society | Muckraker |
| What divided the Louisiana Territory in the Missouri Compromise | 36-30 line |
| Period from c.1870-1910 in which businessmen gained enormous amounts of wealth and power at the expense of workers and immigrants | Gilded Age |
| Which state was admitted as a free state in 1820 | Maine |
| What means was agreed upon to decide slavery in the territories | popular sovereignty |
| Principles in the Gettysburg Address upon which the United States is founded | liberty/freedom & equality |
| Why Abraham Lincoln could not change slavery | he was part of the executive branch and could not make law |
| Turning point of the Civil War | Battle of Gettysburg |
| New York political “machine” led by Boss Tweed | Tammany Hall |
| Many people come to America from so many different places all over the world. For this reason, many people call America… | A Melting Pot of Cultures |
| Americans who resisted immigration | nativists |
| “Lady” who greets immigrants in New York | Statue of Liberty |
| Main point of entry for immigrants in New York | Ellis Island |
| Author of “The New Colossus” | Emma Lazarus |
| Wealthy businessmen who made more money in the Gilded Age | Robber Baron |
| Run-down apartment buildings | Tenement |
| Religious system responsible for reform movements in the US | Christianity |
| Henry Clay’s plan for expansion and the growth of industry | the American System |
| 300,000 of these immigrants arrived at Angel Island in California | Chinese |
| Jane Addams founded this settlement house in Chicago | Hull House |
| Hull House | settlement house |
| Founder of Hull House | Jane Addams |
| Large southern farm | plantation |
| Taxes on imported goods | tariffs |
| Military soldiers being housed and fed at citizens expense | Quartering |
| Tax required on all printed materials in the colonues | Stamp Act |
| Series of restrictions on colonial trade | Navigation Acts |
| What led to the Boston Tea Party | Tea Act/Tea Tax |
| Political party of Thomas Jefferson | Democratic Republicans |
| President responsible for gaining the most land in the west | James Polk |
| Andrew Jackson's belief that all people can serve in government | Common Man |
| Expansion of rails, roads, canals | American System |
| Main political figure in the American System, Compromises, and presidential elections from 1810-1850 | Henry Clay |
| The agreement between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in 1824 | Corrupt Bargain |
| Two laws passed by John Adams that violated civil liberties | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Ban on trade | Embargo |
| To take territory from another nation | annex |
| 1848-1849 mass movement to California | Gold Rush |
| Territory acquired from Mexico after the Mexican American War | Mexican Cession |
| forcing soldiers and sailors to serve in the military of another nation | impressment |
| The Indian Removal Act led to this movement of Native Americans | Trail of Tears |
| Led a slave uprising that killed over 50 Whites | Nat Turner |
| Major figure in "Bleeding Kansas" | John Brown |
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