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Mod 2.1 - Rady

Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
What 3 Thoeries did Mendel's work refute?
What made Mendel so successful? 1. chose a very suitable orgnaism - Pisum Sativum 2. took the time to ensure pure breeding 3. concentrated on one/few discontinuous characters at a time 4. adopted quantitative (numerical) form of analysis
What was Mendel's organism? Pisum Sativum - Garden Pea Plant
How many traits did Mendel study in total? 7
Name and describe the 2 types of crosses Mendel carried out 1. Cross-fertilization - pollen and egg are derived from different plants 2. Self-fertilization - pollen and egg are derived from the same plant
What is a monohybrid cross? Crosses from two different lines that differ in a single trait
Describe Mendel's monohybrid cross design. Pure bred P generation crossed with itself, then offspring of cross-fertilization of parents for Pf1, then offspring of self-fertilization of F1, then offspring of self-fertilization of F2, etc...
Desribe the quantitative results of Mendel's monohybrid cross design. F1 showed 1 of the 2 parental traits F2 showed 3:1 ratio This worked for all 7 traits studied
What was proposed by Mendel in the Particulate Theory of Inheritance? 1. organisms have 2 alleles - 1 from each P 2. they are homozygous or heterozygous 3. dominant/recessive - if they are different, the expressed is dominant 4. gametes separate randomly at formation 5. male/female union reestablishes the paired units
What is the Law of Segregation? during gamete formation, the paired factors (alleles) segregate randomly so that hald of the gametes received oen factor and hald received the other
Define homozygous. same
Define heterozygous different
Define genotype the specific allelic composititon of an idividual
With respect to height, a pea plant may have _____ different genotypes. 3
Define phenotype. the physical appearance of an individual
With respect to height, a pea plant may have _____ different phenotypes. 2
The phenotype is a product of_______________. the environment
Give genotype description and phenotype of the following where the trait is height: TT Tt tt TT - homozygous dominant - Tall Tt - heterozygous - Tall tt - homozygous recessive - dwarf or short
What is a test-cross? an organism with a known phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with an organism that has the recessive phenotype
What is the law of independent assortment during gamete formation, the segregation of any pair of hereditary determinants is independent of the segregation of other pairs
In a tri-hybrid test cross, how many squares will an F2 generation produe? What is the quicker way? 64, instead of a traditional punnett square, the forked-line method is used
What is the forked-line method? users treat each gene separately: - 3/4 will have phenotype A, 1/4 phenotype a - 3/4 will have phenotype B, 1/4 phenotype b - 3/4 will have phenotype C, 1/4 phenotype c Traits must not be linked!
In multihybrid crosses, what is the formula for the number of possible gametes formed by a parent 2^n, where n = # of heterozygous gene pairs invovled
In multihybrid crosses, what is the formula for the number of different genotypes in zygotes 3^n, where n = # of heterozygous gene pairs invovled
In multihybrid crosses, what is the formula for the number of different phenotypyes produced 2^n, where n = # of heterozygous gene pairs invovled
In multihybrid crosses, what is the formula for the proportion of homozygous recessive in F2 generation 1/(4^n), where n = # of heterozygous gene pairs invovled
What is the basic formula for probability? What is its range? # of favorable cases / total # of cases Range - 0 to 1
What is the Product rule? the probabilty of the occurrence of independent events is the product of their respective probabilites Also called the AND rule where individual probabilties are multiplied together
What is the Sum rule? the probability of the occurrence of one of several mutally exclusive events is the sum of their respective probabilities Also called the OR rule where individual probabilities are added together
What is the Binomial Theorem? Probability of the occurrence of unordered mutually exclusive events ( n! / x!(n-x)!) x (p^x) x (q^n-x) p - probabilty that unordered events will occur n - total # of events x - # of events in category p - individual probability of x q - p of other
learn chi-squared analysis.
Created by: MSchmitt23
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