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Gene Expression

Human Genetics Exam 1

TermDefinition
exocrine cells release digestive enzymes
endocrine cells secrete hormones into the blood
proteomics study of the protein products formed from gene expression in a particular cell, tissue, organ, or body under certain conditions
promoter DNA sequence where transcription by RNA polymerase begins
enhancer DNA sequence that when bound by TF, enhance transcription
activator transcription factor ---> binds enhancer region ---> increases gene expression
repressor TF ---> binds silencer region ---> decrease gene expression
silencer DNA sequence that when bound by TF, shuts off transcription
when chromosomes are condensed: no transcription occurs
acetylation increases transcription, acetylase adds acetyl groups to lysine, gives it a negative charge
methylation decreases transcription, methyl groups bind cytosine, proteins shut off DNA access
phosphorylation increases transcription by promoting acetylation, adds phosphate groups to serine, gives it a negative charge
Alpha Thalassemia undermethylation, can't make the right hemoglobin chain, anemic
ICF Syndrome undermethylation of DNA repeats, unstavle centromeres, immune deficient
Rett Syndrome fail to remove acetyls from histones, neurodegeneration, seizures, motor loss
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome inappropriately adds acetyl groups, intellectual disability, broad toes/thumbs
gene expression after you die: increase in inflammation, immune, stress genes, embryonic development genes, cancer causing gene
Created by: lainey2790
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