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Unit 1 Colonies Voc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| France | Catholic nation that colonized america to profit off fur trades |
| Spain | Catholic nation, colonized the Americas for gold and to convert natives tho Christianity |
| France | Country in Europe that colonized Canada and the Mississippi river valley |
| Spain | Country in Europe that founded colonies in South America, Mexico, and the Southwest |
| Jamestown | The first successful and permanent English colony in North America |
| Joint Stock Company | Group of investigators that share the profits and losses of a colony |
| John Smith | Person that helped Jamestown survive with his leadership |
| Powhatan | Group of native Americans that helped, and fought with the Jamestown settlers |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of a native American chief that helped Jamestown by providing food |
| John Rolfe | Person that introduced tobacco growing in Jamestown, made it successful |
| Indentured servant | A person that agrees to work for 7-10 years in exchange for free passage to America, given freedom and land at the end of their contract |
| House of Burgesses | First Representative government in North America, located on Virginia colony |
| Georgia | Founded as a buffer colony and a place for the poor to work off their debts |
| Debtor | A person that owes money to another |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia colony |
| Cash crops | Crops that are sold to make profits in a global market |
| Middle Passage | The journey slaves took from Africa to the Americas |
| Overt | Ways in which slaves fought back that were obvious; they ran away or led a rebellion against their owners |
| Passive | Ways slaves resisted slavery that were not obvious; they slowed down work, broke equipment, and faked illnesses |
| Separatist | Also called the Pilgrims, wanted to break away from the church of England |
| Plymouth | Name of the colony that the Separatist established for religious freedom |
| Mayflower Compact | Government of the Pilgrims that set up majority rule in their colony |
| Squanto | Native American htat helped the Pilgrims by showing them how to grow crops using fish as a technique |
| Puritans | Religious group that wanted to stay in the Church of England and reform it |
| Massachusetts Bay | The name of the colony the Puritans established |
| John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay, leader of the Puritans |
| William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth, leader of the Pilgrims |
| City on a hill | Name of a speech given by John Winthrop that says Massachusetts will be an example of religious faith and hard work |
| Thomas Hooker | Founder of the Connecticut Colony |
| Roger Williams | Founder of Rhode Island, wanted peace with Native Americans |
| Rhode Island | The first colony that established religious freedom |
| Anne Hutchinson | Woman that challenged the leadership of Massachusetts Bay by holding her own church meetings |
| Theocracy | Type of government in which religious leaders make the laws |
| Salem witch trials | Hysteria that led to dozens of people being accused of a crime with no evidence |
| Triangular trade | A network of trading between the Americas, Europe, and Africa exchanging raw materials, manufactured goods and slaves |
| Mercantilism | The economic system in which a mother country sends manufactured goods to its colonies in exchange for raw materials |
| Navigation acts | Laws passed by Parliament that regulated trade in the colonies so that only England benefited |
| New Netherlands | Dutch colony that would become New York, encouraged religious tolerance |
| Peter Stuyvesant | Dutch governor of New Netherlands that handed it over to the English without a battle |
| Quakers | A religious group that settled in Pennsylvania |
| Quakers | Believed in equality between men and women, slavery was evil, and they could experience God through an “Inner Light” |
| William Penn | Leader of the Quakers that signed a treaty with the Native Americans |
| First Great Awakening | A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the early 1700s |
| First Great Awakening | Revival that led to more religious tolerance and more churches |
| George Whitefield | Famous preacher in the First Great Awakening that traveled all over the colonies |
| Johnathan Edwards | First Great Awakening preacher who preached the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
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