Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Basic Navigation
Block 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Earth is considered a true sphere divided by imaginary reference lines called? | parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude |
| This called the great circle and is equidistant from the poles of the Earth? | Equator |
| What is a great circle? | It lies in a plane passing through the sphere's center. It represents the shortest distance between any two points on a sphere. |
| Circles parallel to the equator (lines running east and west) are called ___ | parallels of latitude |
| The equator is at ___ latitude. | 0 degrees |
| What is the reference line used to measure degrees of longitude? | Prime meridian |
| The prime meridian runs through ____ and is at ___ longitude. | Greenwich, England; 0 degrees |
| What are coordinates? | The places where meridians and parallels cross and describe positions of a navigational point on the Earth’s surface (lat/long) |
| Parallels and meridians are measured in? | -Degrees -Minutes -Seconds (not used in ATC) |
| How is measurement stated? | Latitude is always stated before longitude. |
| Great Circle Route Pros and Cons | - Most direct route over the Earth’s surface - Saves time and fuel - Crosses every meridian at a different angle (constantly changing true direction) |
| What is a rhumb line? | line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude, and is longer than a great circle route; Holding a constant line/heading. |
| Rhumb Line Pros and Cons | -Requires more time and fuel because of the greater distance traveled -Is easier to navigate because its direction remains constant |
| All mileage in Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) planning and operations must be ____ | Nautical Miles (NM) |
| Statute miles (SM) is used for ? | Visibility |
| Nautical Miles (NM) and Statue Miles (SM) Conversion | -1 NM = 1.15 SM -1 SM = 0.87 NM *SMs will always be greater than NMs* |
| Speed is measured in? | Knots (kt) |
| Time is measured in? | - Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) - 24-hour clock - Time zones |
| Which reference line is used to measure north-south distances? | Equator |
| How many minutes are there in 1 degree of latitude? | 60 |
| Each standard time zone is established every? | 15 degrees longitude |
| What is true speed used in? | Flight planning and en route portions of flight |
| What is ground speed? | The speed of an aircraft relative to the surface of the Earth |
| What is a Mach Number? | - Ratio of TAS to the speed of sound, expressed in decimal form |
| What is indicated airspeed? | Shown on the aircraft’s airspeed indicator |
| Speed is used to determine / For what reasons does a pilot calculate the wind’s effect on true airspeed?: | - Time en route - ETA |
| Indicated airspeed decreased with increases in ___ and ___ | altitude and temperature |
| Time, Speed, and Distance Computation | NMs = must use knots (kts) SM = must use MPH Hours/Minutes = units per hour/minute |
| Time Formula | T = Distance / Speed |
| Speed Formula | S = Distance / Time |
| Distance Formula | D = Speed x Time |
| At high altitudes, an aircraft’s indicated airspeed is _____ its true airspeed | lower than |
| Factors that affect Navigation | -Wind -Ground Speed vs true airspeed -True Course (TC) -Track -Drift Angle -True Heading (TH) |
| True course (TC) represents | the intended path of the aircraft over the Earth’s surface. |
| Drift angle is | what any free object will do as the air moves downwind with the speed of the wind. |
| Track is | the actual path that the aircraft has flown over the Earth's surface |
| True Heading is | true course (TC) corrected for the wind correction angle |
| If the Wind Correction Angle is 20° and the true course is 090°, what is the true heading of the aircraft? | 070° |
| If the desired true course of the aircraft is 090° and the drift angle is 10°, what is the track of the aircraft? | 100° |
| If the track of the aircraft is 195° and the aircraft heading is 180°, what is the wind correction angle in degrees? | 015° |
| Variation is the angular difference between | true north (TN) and magnetic north (MN) |
| Isogonic lines (East/west variation, correction is necessary) | - For east variation, subtract degrees of variation - For west variation, add degrees of variation |
| Agonic Line | Zero variation, no correction necessary, connects points of zero variation |
| Magnetic deviation (DEV) is | the error of a magnetic compass due to magnetic influence in the structure and equipment of the aircraft |
| Which line connects points of equal difference between true and magnetic north? | Isogonic |
| True heading is true course corrected for effects of _____. | Wind |
| Dead Reckoning Navigation is | navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, speed, GS, and elapsed time. |
| In flight planning, aviation charts are used to plot and determine the following: | -True Course -Distance - Variation |
| What is pilotage and when is it used? | determination of position by identification of landmarks; used in VFR conditions |
| What should a pilot keep in mind when maneuvering an aircraft during a crosswind? | Affects the speed and direction of flight |
Created by:
user-1843252
Popular Aviation sets