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constitution test
civics study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| article I | creates congress (legislative branch) |
| article II | creates the office of the president (executive branch) |
| article III | creates the courts (judicial branch) |
| article IV | how the states should interact with each other |
| article V | changing the consitution |
| article VII | ratification of the constitution |
| why is the 14th amendment arguably the most important amendment in the constitution? | it grants citizenship to all born or naturalized people in the U.S. and gives equal protection to everyone as well as dealing with due process in the law |
| Mahanoy v. BL | ruled in favor of student for violation of free speech because she was suspended and kicked off the team for snapchat post directed towards the school |
| Morse v. Fredrick | ruled in favor of school due to harmful speech promoting illegal drug use |
| Bethel v. Frasier | ruled in favor of U.S; did not have the right to keep and bear the sawed-off double-barrel shotgun |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | ruled in favor of the federal government; bank refused to comply with the law; deals with chartering banks |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | ruled in favor of Gibbons based on the commerce clause and interstate commerce; laws of federal government violated |
| Furman v. Georgia | ruled in favor of Furman due to unconstitutional death penalty under the 8th amendment ; cruel and unusual punishment |
| Scott v. Sandford | ruled in favor of Sandford because nor enslaved or free slaves were not protected under the constitution due to not being considered citizens of the U.S. |
| West VA v. Barnette | ruled in favor of Barnette because compelling students to salute to the flag/pledge of allegiance is unconstitutional and they may not be required to do so |
| Brown v. Board of Education | ruled in favor of Brown because separating the children in public schools because of their race is and was unconstitutional |
| affirmative action | to ensure equal employment opportunities for applicants and employees |
| federalism | a concept and a philosophy towards governing |
| compromise | allowing disagreeing parties to hold onto their reasonable views |
| expressed powers/implied (federal) | specifically written into the constitution |
| reserved powers (state) | they are neither prohibited to be exercised by an organ of government nor given by law to any organ of government |
| concurrent powers (both) | powers of a federal state that are shared by both federal government and each constituent political unit |
| necessary and proper clause (aka elastic clause) | "all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution" |
| judicial review | review by the supreme court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act |
| strong central government | a system where power and authority are concentrated in a central governing body |
| civil liberties | societal freedoms; guarantees that the government cannot abridge |
| civil rights | societal rights; rights that can protect an individual's freedom on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin |
| constructionist | interpreting the constitution and strictly following it |
| revisionist | interpreting the constitution as a changing document |
| what is the importance of the supremacy clause? | federal law trumps state law |
| what was the 1st framework of the constitution? | the articles of confederation |
| what was the significance of the supreme court case Wickard v. Filburn? | the decision supported the president by holding that constitution allowed the federal government to regulate economic activity that was only indirectly related to interstate commerce |
| what are the big 3 freedoms? | freedom of speech, religion, and press |
| what is it meant by the wall of separation? | separation between church and state; religious views from public |
| precedence | a court decision that is considered an authority for deciding subsequent cases |
| rights of the accused | includes access to a speedy and fair trial and to remain silent |
| due process | fair treatment through the judicial system |
| patriot act | grants U.S. law enforcement powers to prevent terrorist attacks |
| what is the time period that is associated with "separated but equal" doctrine in the South? | plessy ferguson era |
| what is the doll test? | taking both a black and white doll and showing both black and white children then asking which one is good and which is bad. this showed the emotional weight segregation had on children |
| what was the impact of Brown v. BOE? | it begins the tumble of segregation mostly within schools |
| what is the key milestone in the long fought civil rights movement due to the failures of enforcing the 14th amendment? | the civil rights movement and the demand of equal justice and citizenship rights |
| what are the goals of the civil rights movement? | to fight back with nonviolent protests against racism and regain their citizenship rights |
| what were the 4 steps to nonviolent civil disobedience? | collection of facts, negotiation, self purification, direct action |
| what are examples of each step to nonviolence civil disobedience? | bombing of negro homes, sought negotiation with the city farmers, marches. sit-ins, anything that was nonviolent protesting, economic withdrawal program |
| deterrance | more murders committed, more people punished by the death penalty, causing a deterrence on future murders |
| closure for the victim's families | gives families closure of the victim getting what they feel they deserve but it also does not change what happened to the victim |
| executing an innocent is the price we pay for justice | executing innocents and wrongful convictions happen all the time and creates more wrong and incorrect executions |
| due process - plenty of opportunity for appeal | gives plenty of time for the crime to be looked into in case of wrongful conviction or changes in the trial before death penalty is chosen for the outcome |
| basic beliefs of democrats | promote social programs, labor unions, consumer protection, workplace safety, regulations against environmental pollution and criminal justice reform |
| basic beliefs of republicans | lower taxes, gun rights, government conservatism, free trade, restrictions on labor unions, etc. |
| campaigns | planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve something to socially or politically change |
| political party platform | a set of principles, goals and strategies designed to address pressing political issues |
| electoral college | set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to particular offices |
| social conservatism | focused on the preservation of traditional values and beliefs |
| spoils system | used for giving government jobs to loyal followers |
| limited government | limited powers from the government |
| what happened for women in 1920? | they won the right to vote |
| what is the concept intersectionality and how does it apply to women? | it's used to describe how different factors of discrimination can meet at an intersection and can affect someone's life |
| what do women do after the Griswold and Roe era? | they start going to college and finishing and going into the workforce |
Created by:
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