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CLS 412 unit 1
lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| type C | electrical |
| type B | organic chemicals |
| type D | combustible metals |
| type A | wood |
| viral infection | biological hazard |
| Carcinogen exposure | Chemical hazard |
| Shock | Electrical hazard |
| Strained back | Physical hazard |
| State the three components of the chain of infection. | Source, transmission method, and host |
| Name two blood-borne pathogens. | HBV, HCV, and HIV |
| What document does OSHA require all laboratories using hazardous chemicals to have on file? | chemical hygiene plan |
| What are the diamond-shaped, color-coded labels placed on chemical cabinets in the urinalysis lab called? | NFPA symbols |
| A laboratorian who is pregnant should avoid areas designated by what hazard symbol? | Radiation |
| All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney except: | elimination of serum proteins |
| The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is: | 1,000,000 |
| The order of blood flow through the nephron is: | afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta |
| The total renal blood flow is approximately: | 1200 mL/min |
| The total renal plasma flow is approximately: | 600 mL/min |
| The glomerular filtrate is described as a: | protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma |
| Increased production of aldosterone causes: | increased plasma sodium levels |
| The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is: | sodium |
| The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is: | 1.010 |
| All of the following are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by active transport except: | water |
| Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except the: | ascending loop of Henle |
| Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the: | proximal convoluted tubule |
| The enzyme renin is produced by the kidney: | in response to low plasma sodium levels |
| Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is dependent on all of the following except: | active transport reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule |
| The osmotic gradient of the medulla: | affects sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule |
| Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the: | distal convoluted tubule |
| Decreased production of vasopressin: | produces a high urine volume |
| Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the: | state of body hydration |
| Substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion include primarily: | protein-bound substances, hydrogen, and potassium |
| Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine with a: | high pH |
| To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia is produced by the cells of the: | distal convoluted tubule |
| To maintain the buffering capacity of the blood, hydrogen ions combine with: | filtered bicarbonate ions |
| Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances that are: | neither reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules |
| Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in: | milliliters per minute |
| All of the following are endogenous clearance test substances except: | inulin |
| Performing a clearance test using radionucleotides: | ( eliminates the need to collect urine) and (provides visualization of filtration) |
| If a substance is completely filtered by the glomerulus and then completely reabsorbed by the tubules, the clearance of that substance will be: | zero |
| The most routinely used laboratory method for measuring the glomerular filtration rate is the: | creatinine clearance |
| The most common error in measuring the glomerular filtration rate using the creatinine clearance is: | inaccurate timing of urine collection |
| All of the following could cause falsely decreased creatinine clearance results except: | secretion of creatinine by the tubules |
| The body surface of the average person in square meters is: | 1.73 |
| An additional calculation that may be required in the creatinine clearance is a correction for: | body size |
| Performing a creatinine clearance is helpful for determining: | the feasibility of administering medications |
| The renal function that is most frequently the first affected by early renal disease is: | tubular reabsorption |
| For accurate evaluation of renal tubular concentrating ability, patient preparation should include: | fluid deprivation |
| Measurement of urine osmolarity is a more accurate measure of renal concentrating ability than specific gravity because: | osmolarity is influenced equally by small and large molecules |
| Solute dissolved in solvent will: | decrease the freezing point |
| Vapor pressure osmometers are based on the principle that: | increased solute lowers the vapor pressure of a solution |
| Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because: | NaCl is partially ionized similar to the composition of urine |
| Substances that can interfere with serum osmolarity readings include all of the following except: | sodium |
| The results of a serum osmolarity performed by both freezing-point and vapor-pressure osmometry do not agree. A possible cause of this discrepancy would be: | increased ethanol |
| A technical error that could cause a discrepancy between freezing-point and vapor-pressure osmometry readings is: | evaporation of the sample |
| The normal serum osmolarity is: | 275 to 300 mOsm |
| The extent to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by measuring: | urine and serum osmolarity |
| The test that provides information similar to specific gravity is the: | osmolarity |
| The serum osmolarity of a patient with hyponatremia: | should be lower than 275 mOsm |
| To determine the amount of water that must be cleared to produce urine with the same osmolarity as the ultrafiltrate, one should perform: | an osmolar clearance |
| To determine the ability of the kidneys to respond to filtrate osmolarity, one should perform a: | free water clearance |
| A free water clearance of -2.5 could be indicative of: | dehydration |
| A patient with insufficient production of ADH would have which of the following results? | Urine volume—5 mL/min; osmolar clearance—2 mL/min |
| The PAH test is used to measure: | renal blood flow |
| To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be: | cleared on each contact with functional renal tissues |
| PAH is secreted by the: | proximal convoluted tubule |
| A PAH test result showing a renal plasma flow of 400 mL/min: | may be falsely decreased from impaired tubular secretion |
| Which of the following is not associated with the elimination of hydrogen ions? | Protein |
| Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the: | inability to produce an acid urine due to impaired production of ammonia |
| Tests to measure the tubular secretion of hydrogen ions include all of the following except: | urinary bicarbonate |
| Following administration of oral ammonium chloride, a patient with renal tubular acidosis will produce: | urine with a high pH |
| Total acidity of a urine specimen is a combination of: | titratable acidity and ammonium ion |
Created by:
kashe220
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