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soc review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Purpose of the war | north purpose: To stop the south from leaving the union South purpose: To gain independence from the north and to keep slavery |
| Advantages of the north | - large source of volunteers - industry makes supplies for the union army- had rail lines- large navy and fleet of trading ships |
| Advantages of the south | - defending their homelands- skills that made them good shooters |
| Important leaders | - Jefferson Davis: southern leader- Abraham Lincoln: northern leader - Robert E Lee: leader of the con federate army |
| Bull Run | Showed both sides that Their soldiers needed training |
| Shiloh | one of the bloodiest battles |
| Antietam | neither side won clear victory. north claimed victory |
| Gettysburg | last battle of the war north won |
| Vicksburg | union cut off Souths trade with European took control of the Mississippi river |
| Appomattox Court | Where Lee and his soldiers surrender to the Union |
| Emancipation proclamation | Lincolns 1863 declaration freeing slaves in the confederacy. it didn't actually free any slaves |
| weakness of the articles of confederacy | weak national government |
| New Jersey plan | William Patterson's plan for equal representation |
| Virginia Plan | Edmond Randolf's and James Madison's plan for proportional representation |
| Great Compromise | Rodger Sherman's plan for equal representation in the senate and proportional representation in the house of representatives |
| Legislative branch | makes laws, prints money, approves presidential appointment, declares war, checks on other branches, can impeach president or members of the judicial branch, overide presidential veto. |
| Executive branch | carries out the law enforces laws, approves or vetoes laws, collects taxes, spends government money,appoints ambassadors, debt, heads, federal judges, commands armed forces, negotiates treaties, checks on other branches,veto a bill, nominates judges |
| judicial branch | interprets the law,hears cases and appeals involving federal law, reviews constitutionality of congressional law, reviews constitutionality of presedent's actions, interprets treaties, checks on other branches, can rule a law unconstitutional |
| Impeach | Bring forth change to attempt to remove from office |
| Judicial Review | the power of the supreme court review constitutionality |
| Federalism | division of power between national and state government |
| Expressed power | only federal government |
| Concurrent power | both federal and state government |
| Reserved power | states governments only |
| Implied power | powers necessary and proper to carry out of listed responsibilities of the government |
| Ratify | to approve or confirm |
| Electoral college | group of |
| Impeach | Bring forth change to attempt to remove from office |
| Judicial Review | the power of the supreme court review constitutionality |
| Federalism | division of power between national and state government |
| Expressed power | only federal government |
| Concurrent power | both federal and state government |
| Reserved power | states governments only |
| Implied power | powers necessary and proper to carry out of listed responsibilities of the government |
| Ratify | to approve or confirm |
| Electoral college | group of individuals chose by their political parties who cast their votes for the president |
| What is the purpose of the electoral college | to represent the will of their party's vote, to make sure the candidates hit all the states |
| Elastic Clause | wording in the constitution where it says that congress shall make all laws which are necessary and proper allows the constitution to change over time |
| Tinker V Des Moines | Brother and sister protesting the Vietnam war |
| Brown V Board Of education | Said" segregation, separate but equal was not alright , forced intigration |
| Gideon V Wainwright | supreme court case where an individual could not afford a lawyer, ruled that a lawyer has to be provided if you can't afford one |
| Plessy V Ferguson | 1896 case, said" that segregation was ok as long as blacks had facilities |
| NJ V TLO | freedom from unreasonable search, girl smoking in bathroom, she sold drugs, allowed to search lockers, school act |
| Marbury V Madison | established the concept of judicial review, the fact that the supreme determines whether or not a law is con stitutional |
| the 5 iroquois nations | - mohawk- seneca- onondaga- oneida- cayuga |
| government of the iroquois | each nation had its own ruling councilalliance of nations sachems met once a yearmade decisions for the league |
| six jobs of women | - grow and gather food - chose sachems- matrineal society- owned longhouses- raised and named children- arranged marrages |
| Hiawatha | legandary leader who organized the league of iroquois |
| Matrilineal | tracing family history through the mother |
| firekeeper | nickname for onondaga |
| three sisters | corn,beans,squash |
| sachem | tribal leaders |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed for spain and reached america |
| Ferdinand Magellen | first to circumnavigate the world |
| Leif Erickson | viking sailor Who reached northern tip of north america |
| sailing inventions | - magnetic compass- astrolab- caravel |
| what were explorers searching for | -Trade routes - faster route to asia- gold-land |
| How did the US aquire Oregon | In 1818, Britain and the US jointly occupied Oregon. In 1846, a compromise led to US boundry of 49 degrees north under Pres. Polk "54 Degrees 40 or Fight" |
| Why did people originally settly in Texas | Large tracks of land for farming and cotton plantations |
| Why did Texas declare its independence from MExico | They had to learn Spanish, become Catholic, slavery was outlawed and General Santa Anna outlawed local governments |
| Why did the US annex Texas | Sam Houston pretended that Texas might ally itself w Britain - America didnt want Britain to have any land here |
| What were the causes of the Mexican American War | The annexation of texas by the US - dispute over the Southern boundry and the Rio Grande or Nueces Rivers |
| How did the M/A War end | the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Battle of San Gaciango Santa Anna was captured forced to sign the treaty recognizing Texas' independence |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Mexico had to give up all of California and NEw Mexico to eht US and the US paid Mexico 15 million dollars |
| What led people to move to California | 1846, gold was discovered at Sutters Mill |
| Sectionalism | Loyalty to a state or section rather than the whole country |
| The North stood for | against slavery, wanted a strong central government, |
| The South stood for | slavery, opposed a strong central government |
| Missouri Compromise of 1819 | An agreement to kep the number of slave and free states equal |
| Compromise of 1850 | Agreement over slavery by which California joined the Union as a free state and a strct slave law was passed |
| Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 | Law that established the territories of Nebraska and Kansas gioving the settlers the right to decide on the issue of slavery |
| Bleeding Kansas | John Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers led to more violence and more than 200 people killed |
| Dred Scott VS Sanford 1857 | Supremem court case that brought into question the federal power over slavery in the territories |
| Uncle Toms Cabin 1852 | Novel by Harriet Beacher Stowewritten to show the evils of slavery and the injustice of the Fugative Slave Act |
| Republican Party | Politacal party established inthe US in 1854 with the goal of keeping slavery out of the western territoies |
| Harpers Ferry | Anti-slavery raid led by John Brown in Virginia - 10 raiders killed and Brown captured |
| Election of 1860 | Lincolns election into Presidency |
| Fort Sumpter | start of the Civil War in South Carolina |
| Popular Soverignty | Mid 1800's a term referring to the idea thawt each territory could decide for itself to allow slavery |
| Albany Plan of Union | Proposal by Ben Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies |
| Major effect of the French and Indian War | Led to end of French power in N. America |
| Sugar Act 1764 | Tax on Molasses and sugar |
| Stamp Act 1765 | Law placed new duties on legal documents |
| Declatory Act | Stated that England has right to pass laws and raise taxes whenever it wants to |
| Townsend Act 1767 | law that taxed goods like glass, [paper, paint, lead and tea |
| Boston Massacre 1770 | Conflict in which 5 colonists were killed by British troops |
| Committees of Correspondence | letter writing campaign that became a major tool of protest in the colonies |
| Intolerable Acts | series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party |
| All men age 16 - 60 were part of these | Draft or Militia |
| Minutemen | Men quickly ready to fight |
| WHo wrote the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson |
| Why did Thomas Paine write Common Sense | to say that the Colonists did not owe allegience to the King of England |
| Who writing influenced Thomas Jefferson | John Locke |
| Major slogan of the pre-revolutionary War | No taxation without representation |
| Propoganda | spreading of ideas to help cause or hurt an opposing cause |
| Boycott | refuse to buy or use certain goods or services |
| Purpose of the Declaration of Independence | States rights that belonged to people from birth and told the world why the colonists were breaking away from England |
| American | Owned rifles and were good shots, George Washington, defending their homes or property and motivation |
| British | highly trained and experienced troops, NAvy, many colonists supported the British, more money, better guns, twenty thousand hessians |
| First Shots of Revolutionary War were fired here: | Lexington and Concord |
| Battle was misnamed | The Battle of Bunker Hill - It was actually fought on Breeds Hill |
| Turning point of the Revolutionary War | Battle of Saratoga |
| Final Battle of Rev. War | Battle of Yorktown |
| Treaty that ended Rev War | treaty of Paris |
| Termed "the Treaty" | Britian recognized the US as an independent nation - US gets land west of the Mississippi River |
| Johnson's Plan | Majority of voters in each southern state pledged loyalty to the US - each state had to ratify the 13th amendment |
| Reconstruction Act 1867 | Law through out southern state gov. that had refused to ratify the 14th amendment |
| 13th Amendment | Banned slavery throughout the nation |
| 14th Amendment | States could not legally discriminate against citizens without legal ground |
| 15th Amendment | forbid any state to deny any citizen the right to vote |
| Radical Republicans and Radical Reconstruction said: | Must disband state gov., must write own constitution, must ratify the 14th amendment and in 1867 the Republicans took charge of reconstruction |
| Jim Crowe Laws | laws that separtated people of differnet races in places in the south |
| Ku Klux Klan | secret society organized in the south to reassert white supremecy by means of violence |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad that strtched across the continent form coast to coast - promoted growth of cities, employment and trade |
| General hardships of farmers in the 1870's | Cattle ranching spread and open farming land disappearedRailroads charged high fees to transport goods |
| Hardships of farmers in the great plains | wood was scarce so they had to build homes out of sod which leaked, climat was dry and lacked rain and they had cold winters, fires and grasshoppers |
| How did US expansion cxhnge the lives of Native Americans in the Great Plains | Lost their land, forced onto eservations, declined of Buffalo and hunting , forced to learn american ways of farming and schools |
| Daws Act of 1887 | encouraged Native Americans to become farmers, trible lands were divided up and given to Native American families |
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