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Psychology Ch 12
Emotions, Stress, and Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience |
| James-Lange Theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion |
| two-factor theory | the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal |
| polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion |
| facial feedback effect | the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness |
| catharsis | emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges |
| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood |
| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life |
| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. |
| relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine |
| stress | the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| general adaptation syndrome | Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| tend and befriend | under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
| psychophysiological illness | literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health |
| lymphocytes | two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes f attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries |
| Type A | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people |
| Type B | Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people |
| problem-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress directly— by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor |
| emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction. |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety |
| complementary and alternative medicine | as yet unproven health care treatments intended to supplement or serve as alternatives to conventional medicine, and which typically are not widely taught in medical schools, used in hospitals, or reimbursed by insurance companies. |
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