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after ap exam quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) | issue: freedom of speech at school bottom line: you have the right to express yourself - up to a certain point |
| Tinker background | 3 students protested by against the Vietnam war by wearing arm bands. the students refused to take them off when requested and were suspended. they sued the school district claiming violation against 1st amendment. |
| Tinker ruling | the supreme court sided with the students. the court did not grant students an unlimited right to self-expression. it must be balanced with the school's need to keep order. |
| Roper v. Simmons (2005) | issue: juveniles and the death penalty bottom line: the death penalty is unconstitutional for offenders under age 18 |
| Roper background | Christopher Simmons (age 17) robbed and killed a women by bounding her and pushing her into a river. he confessed and was given the death penalty, which he appealed against. |
| Roper ruling | the supreme court said that it violates the 8th amendment to give the death penalty to those under 18. came to this conclusion because of the research stating that the brain is not fully developped at the time. |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | issue: racial segregation in schools bottom line: segregation in public schools is unconstitutional |
| Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000) | issue: school prayer bottom line: public schools can't sponsor religious activities like group prayer |
| Santa Fe background | a Texas school district allowed a student to lead a prayer over the public announcement system before home football games. because of this, many students + parents sued the school district, claiming it was a violation to the 1st amendment (free religion) |
| Santa Fe ruling | the supreme court ruled this unconstitutional. even though it was led by a student, it was a school-sponsored event |
| Safford University School District v. Redding (2009) | issue: privacy rights at school bottom line: the court made it harder for school to conduct invasive searches violated 4th amendment |
| Safford University background | Savana Redding (in 8th grade and 13 years old) was told to strip down to her bra and underwear by the school nurse and a secretary. this was done of the orders of the assistant principal, who was given the tip that Redding has ibuprofen pills (false). |
| Safford University ruling | the court ruled that the 4th amendment was violated. they also said that the school could not be sued because the laws on student searched were unclear at the time. |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | issue: student journalism and the first amendment bottom line: schools can censor student newspapers |
| Hazelwood background | 3 juniors wrote the school newspaper. some of the articles entailed stories of teen pregnancies and the impact of divorce on students. the principal refused to let the stories be printed. the girls claimed the 1st amendment was violated (free speech). |
| Hazelwood ruling | the supreme court ruled against the girls. the school newspaper is not public, but is instead a supervised learning experience for students interested in journalism |
| Board of Education v. Earls (2002) | issue: drug testing for extracurricular activities bottom line: schools can require it |
| Board of Education background | Lindsay Earl, a model student, was reuqired to take a drug test at her high school in order to participate in extracurricular activites. she sued the school district because she believed it went against her 4th amendment right, unlawful search and seizure |
| Board of Education ruling | the court ruled in favor of the school district. it is minimally invasive |
| DeShaney v. Winnebago County Social Services (1989) | issue: constitutional rights at home bottom line: the constitution doesn't protect kids from their parents violation of 14th amendment? (equal protection under the law) |
| DeShaney background | Joshua DeShaney (4 years old) was physically abused by his father. once, Johsua was removed from his father care by social services only to be returned 3 days later. he left paralyzed and mentally disabled by his father. the mother sued social services |
| DeShaney ruling | the court ruled against DeShaney and his mother. the constitution does not protect children from their parents |
| Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) | issue: affirmaive action in college bottom line: colleges can use race as a factor in admissions |
| Grutter background | Barbara Grutter (white) was denied admission to the University of Michigan Law School. she sued the school over their affirmative action policy. she thought this violated the 14th amendment |
| Grutter ruling | the court upheld the use of affirmative action. |
| Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association (2011) | issue: video games and minors bottom line: violent video games are protected speech |
| Brown (games) background | the state of California passed a law saying that no violent video games can be sold to minors. it was thought to cause minors to become aggressive. the Entertainment Merchants Association sued California for violations of the 1st amendment |
| Brown (games) ruling | the court ruled against California. unlike pornography, vidoe games are not obscene and therefore may not be censored. |
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