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Chapter 29
The Cold War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were superpower countries | Superpowers were the most powerful countries in the world after World War II (the Soviet Union and the United States). |
| What was the cold war | The Cold War was the long period of heightened tension between the superpowers and their respective allies. |
| What was a communist country | A communist country is one where the state controls all the property, industry and services and freedoms (of election, of the media and of the individual) are limited. |
| What is a capitalist economy | A capitalist economy is one where individuals are free to acquire wealth, own private property and profit from businesses with little to no interference from the government. |
| What is Democracy | A democracy is a system of government under which there are various political parties, people can vote in elections and free media and free speech are protected. |
| What were satellite states | Satellite states were the Eastern European countries that were under the control of Moscow (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria). |
| What was Containment | Containment was a US policy that aimed to halt the spread of communism and contain it to the countries where it was already established. |
| Explain the differences between the political systems in the US and the Soviet Union. | The US was a democracy, with different political parties, free elections and a free press. The Soviet Union was a single-party communist dictatorship. |
| What tensions emerged between the Allies during World War II? | Stalin believed that Britain and the US had deliberately delayed the D-Day landings so that the Soviets would suffer more damage by fighting the Nazis alone. The US refused to share the secrets of the atomic bomb with the Soviets. |
| What was the Iron Curtain? Why did Stalin take over Eastern Europe? | The Iron Curtain was the line dividing Europe into a democratic West and a communist East after World War II. Stalin wanted a buffer zone of loyal states in Eastern Europe to protect the Soviet Union from future invasion |
| How did the US respond to Soviet actions in Europe? | President Truman announced that the US would support other countries to resist the spread of communism. |
| What was the policy of containment? | The policy of containment was the US attempt to stop the spread of communism during the Cold War. The US accepted it was impossible to remove communism where it had already been established, but would try to limit or contain its spread. |
| What was the arms race | The arms race was the competitive research and spending by the superpowers to build bigger and more powerful nuclear weapons that could wipe out the other side. |
| What did the Allies decide to do with Germany after World War II? | After World War II, the Allies divided Germany into four separate zones of occupation, each governed by one of the Allies. |
| What tensions were there between the Allies over the future of Germany? | The Soviets wanted a permanently weakened Germany that would never again be a threat. The others wanted a strong, prosperous, democratic Germany that would be an obstacle to communism and be the economic anchor of Europe. |
| What provoked the Berlin Blockade? | The Western Allies introduced a new currency – the Deutschmark – to their zones of Germany and sectors of Berlin in the hopes of reviving the economy. Stalin refused to allow the new currency in his zone. He hoped to force the others out of their |
| What Provoked the Berlin Blockade? | Three Berlin sectors (and so out of East Germany altogether) by cutting off all road, rail and canal links to the outside. |
| How did the Western Allies respond to the Blockade? | They began to supply supplies to their sections of Berlin through the air by Planes |
| Why did the Blockade come to an end? | After almost a year, when it was clear that the Allies could not be forced out of the city, and in fact were bringing in more cargo than ever before, Stalin ended the Berlin Blockade. |
| What impact did the Berlin Blockade have on Germany | Germany was permanently divided into East Germany (the German Democratic Republic, or GDR) and West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany, or FRG). |
| What impact did the Berlin Blockade have on the US and its allies | The Western Allies formed a military alliance in 1949 to oppose the Soviets: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). |
| What impact did the Berlin Blockade have on the Soviet Union? | The Soviets developed their own atomic bomb in 1949 and in 1955 set up their own military alliance in Eastern Europe, called the Warsaw Pact. |
| What happened in Cuba in 1959? | A communist revolution led by Fidel Castro overthrew the US-backed Cuban government in 1959. |
| How did the US government respond to the Cuban Revolution? | The US cut off trade with Cuba. |
| Why did the Soviet Union place missiles in Cuba in 1962? | After the failed invasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles Castro appealed to the Soviet Union for help in defending Cuba. This suited Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, because the US had placed missiles in Turkey that were within range of Soviet cities; now |
| Why did the Soviet Union place missiles in Cuba in 1962? | he could do the same not far off the US coast. |
| What did the US do when it discovered the existence of the missiles? | When US planes observed missile bases being built in Cuba, the US imposed a naval blockade on Cuba to prevent Soviet ships delivering nuclear missiles. |
| How was the crisis resolved? | In return for the Soviets removing the missiles from Cuba, the US agreed not to invade Cuba and to remove their missiles from Turkey. |
| What were the main results of the Cuban Missile Crisis? | a telephone hotline was set up between Moscow and Washington to deal with potential crises as and when they arose. The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was agreed by the superpowers and others, which banned atomic testing on land, sea or in space |
| Who fought the French in Vietnam after World War II? | The Viet Minh forces: local communist fighters, led by Ho Chi Minh, who had already driven the Japanese from the north of the country. |
| Why did the US get involved? | Due to their policy of containment, the US had financially aided the French in their war against the Viet Minh. They also sent aid and troops to help the South after the North invaded. |
| What evidence is there that US involvement escalated in the 1960s? | Johnson increased the number of US troops (up from 16,000 to 500,000) and sent them into direct combat against the communists. |
| What were the tactics of the US | The US used chemicals to destroy the jungles, burned villages where Vietcong guerrillas were believed to be hiding and bombed the North heavily. |
| What were the tactics of the Vietcong? | The Vietcong adopted guerrilla tactics. They attacked in small groups, hid in the jungles and disrupted their opponents’ supply lines. |
| Why could the Americans not win the war? | The US could not deal effectively with the Vietcong tactics and instead used dangerous chemicals to destroy the jungle cover, heavily bombed and burned villages. They did not win the support of the Vietnamese people. At home, the anti-war movement was |
| Why could the Americans not win the war? | Gaining momentum; eventually President Nixon had to accept defeat and bring the US troops home. |
| How did the Vietnam War change US policy during the Cold War? | The US was much less willing to send its troops overseas to fight communists after the defeat in Vietnam. |
Created by:
JMahango
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