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Diges Disorders, Pt3
Digestive Disorders, Part 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cholelithiasis | Formation of gallstones |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder and cystic duct |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver; often caused by viral infection |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic liver damage that can result from a variety of causes, leading to scarring and liver failure |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | The most common form of liver cancer |
| Ascites | Abdominal swelling caused by accumulation of fluid, most often related to liver disease |
| Celiac disease | Autoimmune disease in which gluten consumption leads to inflammation and damage to the lining of the small intestine |
| Crohn's disease | Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the GI tract |
| Tenesmus | Frequent urge to have a bowel movement, even when the bowels are empty |
| Ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammatory bowel disease which leads to ulcers on the lining of the large intestine |
| Polyp | Abnormal tissue growth on a mucous membrane |
| Adenocarcinoma | Cancer that arises in glandular epithelial linings that produce secretions such as mucus; it is the most common type of colon cancer |
| Intussusception | Serious condition in which part of the intestine telescopes into itself; can lead to obstruction of the intestines |
| Volvulus | Obstruction due to twisting or knotting of the GI tract |
| Hirschsprung's disease | Birth defect in which the nerves of the intestinal wall fail to form properly, resulting in difficulties passing stool |
| Gluten | Structural protein found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye |
| Amylase | Enzyme that digests starch; produced by salivary glands and the pancreas |
| LDLT | Living Donor Liver Transplant |
| Esophageal varices | Abnormal veins in the lower part of the esophagus |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | Reversible loss of brain function that occurs when a damaged liver doesn’t remove toxins from the blood |
| Alcoholic liver disease | Damage to the liver due to alcohol abuse; it ranges from the initial fatty liver stage to hepatitis to cirrhosis |
| Fatty liver | Also called hepatic steatosis; characterized by a buildup of fat in the liver |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | Enzyme found mainly in the liver; serum ALT levels are used as an indicator of liver damage |
| Multiparity | Having given birth to 2 or more offspring |
| Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar |
| Gastrectomy | Surgery to remove all or part of the stomach |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli | Pathogenic strain of E. coli bacteria that causes diarrhea and other symptoms such as stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting |
| Clostridium botulinum | Rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that produces the botulinum neurotoxin, the most common cause of reversible flaccid paralysis |
| Gingivae | The gums |
| Anticholinergics | Drug that inhibit the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, reducing involuntary muscle movements and other functions such as the activity of the GI tract |
Created by:
KES-HFHS
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