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Diges Disorders, Pt1
Digestive Disorders, Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | Band of fibrous scar tissue forming an abnormal connection between two surfaces or structures |
| Cholestasis | Obstructed flow of bile in the liver or biliary tract |
| Colostomy | Surgical creation of an artificial opening from the colon onto the abdominal surface |
| Fecalith | Hard mass of feces, often impacted, in the intestine |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules, stored in skeletal muscle or liver, also known as animal starch |
| Gluconeogenesis | Production of glucose from protein or fat |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood |
| Hyperbilirubinemia/Jaundice/Icterus | Abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood |
| Ileostomy | Surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Mesentery | Double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines |
| Rugae | Series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ; most commonly refers to the internal surface of the stomach |
| Steatorrhea | Fatty stool |
| Peritoneum | Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds the abdominal organs |
| Omentum | Large, apron-like fold of the visceral peritoneum with a lot of fatty tissue; it connects the stomach to other abdominal organs |
| Bolus | Round mass of food ready to be swallowed |
| Chyme | Thick paste consisting of partially digested food that passes out of the stomach into the duodenum |
| Gastrin | Peptide hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates HCl secretion and increases gastric motility |
| Intrinsic Factor | Glycoprotein that helps the intestines absorb Vitamin B12 |
| Bile | Yellowish-green liquid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps break down fats in the small intestine |
| Trypsin/Chymotrypsin | Enzymes that digest protein in the small intestine |
| Villi | Finger-like projections in the intestines that provide additional surface area for nutrient absorption |
| Appendix | Short, blind-ended tube attached to the cecum near the beginning of the large intestine |
| Cholecystokinin | Peptide hormone released by the duodenum that stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes into the small intestine |
| Secretin | Peptide hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates the release of an alkaline fluid from the pancreas into the small intestine |
| Anorexia | Loss of appetite |
| Melena | Black, tar-like, sticky stool |
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