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Endocrine- 5
chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sweat, oil (sebaceous), mucous, digestive glands are Endocrine or Exocrine ? | Exocrine |
| DuctLESS gland | Endocrine |
| Gland that have ducts | Exocrine |
| Gland that is slow, indirect, and LONG lasting | Endocrine |
| Alter metabolic activities, regulate growth and development, and guide reproduction | Endocrine |
| All hormones act by binding to proteins called | receptors |
| 3 types of hormones | peptide; steroid; tyrosine |
| Hormone that often has carbohydrate portions | Peptide |
| Hormone that is MADE in the rough ER, cleaved in the ER lumen, and transported to the GOLGI to be modified | Peptide |
| ______ are soluble in blood, but have a hard time passing through the cell membrane | PEptide |
| ____ use secondary messengers to go through a membrane | PEptide |
| _____ are lipids, so they diffuse through the membrane by receptors and act in the nucleus. require transport protein | Steroid hormones |
| _____ can diffuse into the nucleus or use secondary messengers | Tyrosine hormones |
| 4 Types of peptide hormones: | Anterior and Posterior pituitary hormones, parathyroid hormones, pancreatic hormones |
| 3 Types of Steroid hormones: | Adrenal cortex, Gonads, Placenta |
| 2 Types of Tyrosine hormones: | Catecholimines ( adrenal medulla hormones) , Thyroid |
| High insulin caused by? | high BL glucose |
| High BL glucagon caused by? | low BL glucose |
| For negative feedback questions.... | look at answer choice that is responding to the question, NOT causing it. I.e. A person with High BP ( holding water) , will have = Low amounts of ADH |
| ALL endrocrine hormones | bind to a protein receptor |
| Which organ is both exocrine and endocrine? | Pancreas |
| mineral corticoids control | electrolyte balance in BL stream |
| Glucocorticoids control | increase blood glucose concentration; increase fat and protein metabolism |
| Aldosterone= | mineral glucocorticoid |
| Cortisol= | glucocorticoid |
| Catecholamines= | epinephrine/ norepinephrine (stress hormones) |
| What does Insulin do to carbs? | convert them to glycogen and store them in the liver and muscles |
| What does insulin do to fats? | store them as addipose tissues |
| what does insulin do to AA? | taken up by cells and converted into proteins |
| Osteoblast= | build bone |
| Osteoclast= | break bone, release Ca+ |
| PTH does what | Increase osteoclast acitivty, Increase BL Ca2+ and Phosphate from bone, Increase steroid production in the renal artery |
| Calcitonin does what | Decreas BL Ca2+ by DECREASING osteoclast activity; INCREASE BONE MASS |
| male gonads | testes |
| sperm production | seminiferous tubules |
| ____surround and nurture the spermatocyte and spermatid | sertolli cells |
| sertolli cells are stimulated by | FSH |
| _____ release testosterone when stimulated by LH | leydig cells |
| Primary sex hormone | androgen |
| Sertolli cells secrete | inhibin --> stops FSH secretion |
| Sperm head contains | nucleus & acrosome |
| Sperm midpiece contains | mitochondria |
| sperm mature in the | epididmys |
| Semen (fluid + sperm ) fluid is made up of | secretions from the bulbourethral gland, seminal vessicles, & prostate |
| oogenesis begins in the | ovaries |
| granullosa cells secrete to make | zona pelluda |
| follicular phase | begins with the development of the follicle and ends with ovulation |
| Luteal phase | begins with ovulation and ends with the corpus collosum becoming the corpus albicans |
| flow phase | shedding of uterine lining for 5 days |
| Cleavage begins when the egg is in the | fallopian tubes |
| sperm+oocyte= | ovum |
| hollow ball filled with fluid | blastocyst |
| solid ball of cells | morula |
| ____ is made from blastocyst lodged into the uterus( implantation) | embryonic stem cells |
| upon implantation, the egg secretes | HCG |
| ______ in blood in urine= ur pregnant | HCG |
| ______ is made from tissues of egg and mother | placenta |
| When a cell becomes commited to a specialized developmental path | determination |
| specialization that forms special tissues | differentiation |
| Ectoderm | hair, skin, nails, nervous system, teeth and sense organs |
| Mesoderm | muscle, skeleton, bones, kidney |
| Endoderm | lining of the digestive tract, and liver and pancreas |
| gastrula ---> neurala (neuralation) makes | notocord (which later becomes the spinal cord, brain, and much of the nervous system) |
| notochord is made from | mesoderm |
| programmed cell death | apoptosis |
| Anterior Pituitary | regulated by hypothalamus |
| stress, stimulates adrenal cortex | ACTH |
| Growth of follicules in females; sperm production in males | FSH |
| causes ovulation; stimulates estrogen and testosterone secretion | LH |
| Stimulates release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid | TSH |
| Milk production | prolactin |
| milk ejection and uterine contractions | oxytocin |
| water absorption in the kidneys; increase BP | ADH |
| Reduces Na+ excretion; increases K+ excretion; raises BP | Aldosterone |
| Increase BL levels of carbs, proteins, fats | cortisol |
| Stimulates sympathetic action | NE, Epinephrine |
| T3, T4 | increase BMR |
| Lowers BL calcium | calcitonin |
| Raises BL calcium | PH |
| Promotes entry of glucose into cells, decreasing glucose BL levels | insulin |
| Increase of gluconeogenesis, increase glucose BL levels | glucagon |
| Growth of mother sex organs; causes LH surge | Estrogen |
| Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy | progesterone |
| secondary sex characteristics; closing of epiphyseal plates | testosterone |
| stimulates corpus luteum to grow and release estrogen and progesterone | HCG |
| Posterior pituitary hormones are made by | hypothalamus |
| Adrenal cortex | Alderosterone and Cortisol |
| Thyroid | T3, T4, calcitonin |
| parathyroid | ph |
| pancreas | insulin (beta) & glucagon (alpha) |
| ovaries | estrogen and progesterone |
| placenta | HCG, estrogen and progesterone |
| testes | testosterone |
| during menstral cycle, increasing levels of estrogen cause | positive feedback response , stimulating a LH surge |
| Testosterone and many other steroid hormones are produced by | Testosterone |
| cell divisions occurs in one portion of egg via | holobastic cleaveage |
| Digestion begins in the mouth with carbs(starch) via ____ | alpha amylase |
| long straight chains of starch is broken in mouth into | polysacharides |
Created by:
zrsoori
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