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Art Appreciation M12

Musical Humans

TermDefinition
the musical texture of Gregorian chant is monophonic and singers sing in unison
Monophonic a single melody is performed unaccompanied; In some cases, however, chant may be performed with the accompaniment of a drone—a sustained pitch that is played for the duration that a melody is sung.
Mode (music) a type of musical scale coupled with a set of characteristic melodic and harmonic behaviors.
syllabic a note sung on each syllable
neumatic typically two to four notes sung per syllable
melismatic many notes sung on the vowel of a single syllable
conjunct melodic motion that moves in steps as opposed to skips or larger leaps called “disjunct motion”
symbols called “neumes” acted as a type of prompt for melodies that had already been learned and memorized through an oral tradition
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Medieval Music - The Chant version of notes were known as "Neumes". - Neumes were used as a memorization tool more than to simply read the music. - Gregorian Chant is "Monophonic" which means that there is one line of music without accompaniment
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Medieval Music (II) - Gregorian chant also has no meter which means there is no specific rhythmic pattern. -The use of lines to help indicate a change in pitch started at the end of the 10th century.
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Renaissance - The Renaissance Period was from 1400 - 1600 ad. - The lax in Church rule made it possible to normalize and legalize secular (Non-religious) music.
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Renaissance(II) - The printing press made it more common to have sheet music in the home so that people could more often perform their own music.
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Renaissance(III) - Composers used full chords, polyphonic lines and rhythm rather than the monophonic character of the Medieval Period. -The ability for hired composers to be able to travel to different neighboring countries helped create new types or styles of music.
Some Things You Might Want To Remember: Renaissance(IV) -New musical instruments were used that changed the texture, dynamism, and polyphonic character of music.
Basic Elements of Music Music is sound. As sound, it is analyzed by the brain
Rhythm Rhythm is an arrangement of sounds in a piece of music, and there are several components that make up rhythm; aka the overall movement of a piece. Often follows a pattern. influenced by the beat, meter, and tempo of a piece.
Beat A beat divides music into sections of time. When listeners clap their hands or stomp their feet to music, it is usually to the music's beats.
Meter how the beats are arranged, usually in terms of strong and weak beats. A meter will tell how many strong beats there are during a certain space of music. Allows listener to keep time with the music.
Tempo The speed of a song. this speed is how quickly or slowly the beats are played. Composers, conductors, and musicians may use a tempo to convey a particular idea or feeling.
Pitch How "high" or "low" a sound is to the ear. when a sound has a particular pitch, meaning that its vibrations are always the same, the sound is called a "tone."
Timbre How the note sounds is its timbre. The timbre is what allows a listener to distinguish one instrument from another and one singer from another. Composers can use timbre to their advantage to convey a particular feeling or mood.
Dynamics how quietly or loudly a piece of music should be played. Dynamics are an important way of conveying the mood of a piece and your use of dynamics is a marked element of your performance
Chord A chord is at least three tones sounded at the same time.
Melody When people hum a tune of a song, most likely it is the melody. A melody is the arrangement of notes in a musical composition from the beginning to end.
Harmony Harmony, then, is the concept that describes how chords are created and what their sounds are.
Consonant Chords Consonant chords are the chords that sound pleasing and stable. Many musical compositions make abundant use of consonant chords in their harmonies, and they often end with them.
Dissonant chords can sound jarring and unstable. Harmony with dissonance can be used effectively to create tension, drama, and emotional unhappiness.
Texture Texture in music deals with the different layers of notes. For example, the main melody could be one layer, and another melody could be a second layer, and so on
Monophonic texture a song that has one melody line
Homophonic texture features one main melody line, and other chords accompany that line
polyphonic texture Music with polyphonic textures features two or more lines of melody with or without chord accompaniment. Some music styles call for multiple instruments to improvise their lines at once; that would be polyphonic texture.
Form form in music deals with the overall structure and composition of a musical work. All of the elements of music contribute to the overall form of a musical composition.
Repitition Repetition involves playing the same melody multiple times. This popular convention helps listeners remember pieces of music, and it also helps tie a whole song together.
Contrast Contrast, on the other hand, opposes elements to each other. The dynamics can change from loud to soft; a consonant harmony can become dissonant; a tempo can change quickly from fast to slow.
Variation Variation is almost a cross between the two. Some elements are changed while others stay the same. For example, a melody can be repeated, but its timbre or tempo changes.
Baroque Composers to Recognize 1- Johann Sebastian Bach 2- George Frederic Handel 3- Antonio Vivaldi
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