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Quiz 4/19
progressive era
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Big Business | The economic disparities between the workers (lower/working class) and big business owners (entrepreneurs and tycoons) grew exponentially |
| Mass production | Modernized production and made products less expensive, used assembly line, and standardization of parts, able to offer the public new and improved products |
| Unions | Organizations to help regulate working conditions, 8 hours of work, 8 hours of sleep and 8 hours for leisure (8,8,8) |
| Trust | A group of companies that join together to form a larger company with the power to drive out competition in an industry |
| Monopoly | Exclusive economic control of an industry |
| Triangle shirtwaist fire (NYC) | 1911-Killed 150 people mostly young immigrant women, changed some working conditions |
| Collective Bargaining | When union members representing workers negotiated labor issues with management- come to an agreement for the group of workers |
| Boycott | Refusal to buy a company's goods |
| What changed about labor during this time? | Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Abuses by Big Business | Elimination of competition- cutthroat competition, large corp can sell at a lower price and push out smaller companies, large corporations could afford local price wars, in effect the large corporations destroyed smaller businesses. |
| Negative effects of overpopulation | Housing, buildings not meant for high numbers, tenements people crowded into these buildings |
| Public health during urbanization | Urbanization/crowding helped spread disease, water & sanitation were inadequate, awful diets and no knowledge of health procedures |
| Politics during industrialization | Many city gov were taken over by political machines, were at Ellis island registering them to vote and pushed bias onto them, corruption increased and money that should have been spent on public works went into private pockets, |
| Positive effects of city growth | Urbanization was aided and improved by new technologies in transportation, architecture, utilities, and sanitation, cultural advances, museums, libraries, concert halls, theaters and parks, settlement houses to help educate and services to the poor |
| Strike | Refusing to work |
| Why were strikes/boycotts useful tools against big business- were they useful? | both caused big business to lose money |
| Why were unions necessary for the American worker? | safe working conditions, work schedules, overtime, bathroom breaks |
| Progressive movement | Group of reformers who wanted change- they believed the government abused their power and new developments in tech and science could improve basic institutions of American society. |
| Teddy Roosevelt | first "progressive" president; most known for his trust-busting, natural resource conservation, and passing of the Food and Drug Act; believed in a "Square Deal" |
| Muckraker | men and women who investigated and exposed corruption & conditions of the period- journalists and writers who wanted to make change |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraker that exposed Rockefeller and Standard Oil's bad business practices; wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" |
| Jacob Riis | muckraker and photographer that exposed the poor quality of life in cities/tenement housing; wrote "How the Other Half Lives" |
| Upton Sinclair | author who wrote "The Jungle"; muckraker who exposed the meat packing industry |
| Populist party wanted | graduated income tax (paying taxes based on what you make), direct election of senators, shorter work week |
| Temperance movement | movement to end the sale of alcohol- temperance movement began in 1820s, amendment 18th ended the sale of alcohol |
| Progressive movement wanted | child labor laws, settlement housing, temperance, women's rights (suffrage), |
| Women's suffrage | Right to vote- passed in 1919, 19th amendment, opening of womens college, birth control, women wanted to control their own destiny |
| Child Labor | National child labor committee was formed in 1904, Federal Children's Bureau 1912, set wages for children, make school compulsory, children needed schooling and to not work |
| Laissez Faire | Translates to 'leave alone' when it comes to economic intervention. The government's role is to protect the rights of the individual, rather than regulating business in any way. |
| Robber Barons | Businessmen who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices |
| "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair led to | new federal food safety laws- The pure food and drug act and The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was first created to enforce the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. |
| Meat inspection act | 1906, passed by TR, protect the American people from contaminated food |
| Coal Strike of 1902 | TR stepped in because reserves were low and this was necessary for all Americans, he sided with the labor side, the agreement favored labor |
| Panama Canal | TR- transportation to get goods from east to west without going around south America |
| Trust buster | Going after monopolies, unfair business practices, controlling 80% of American business |
| Square Deal | Wanted all Americans to be treated fairly and thought it was the job of the federal government to help accomplish this. |
| Conservationist | TR- National Reformation act 1902, reclaiming and the creation of the national parks- Federal government would be in charge of water rights in the west. |
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