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Women Gilded Age
Key facts for the Gilded Age Women's Civil Rights. A level OCR history,
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperance demonstrations | Around 60,000 women took part in temperance demonstrations. Those who supported temperance typically also supported suffrage organisations. |
| Women and church | Women active in churches became active in religiously motivated temperance campaigns, such as the WCTU, although members were mostly white, middle-class protestants. |
| Women in work | Industrial growth led to more women working. In urban centres where textiles were important (such as Atlanta), women made up one-third of the workforce. |
| White-collar work | Increased clerical work (and the development of the typewriter) meant that by the 1880s opportunities were opening up for women, although they received lower wages. |
| Domestic servants | The number of domestic servants (a harsh and poorly paid job undertaken by many women) fell by half from 1870 to 1900. |
| Union membership | Women began to join unions more, and by the mid 1880s, there were 113 women's unions, although many other male-led unions were hostile. The AFL was unsympathetic to women, and by 1900 only 2% of trade unionists were female. |
| Education opportunities | Colleges began to open up to women in the east, while 35 nursing schools had been set up by 1890 (since the first in 1873). |
| Urban welfare | Organisations were established to care for poorer, younger urban women, such as the Young Women's Christian Association (set up in 1867) and the Hull House settlement in Chicago (set up in 1889). |
| Western expansion | As the United States expanded westward, men and women shared the hardships of moving into the 'frontier', although the growth of urban areas lessened this effect. |
| Division between suffrage organisations | The NWSA and AWSA (both founded in 1869) split the suffrage movement, weakening it, although the unified to form NAWSA in 1890. |
| The issue of campaign focus | The association of women's civil rights with temperance weakened the movement by focusing on the domestic sphere rather than political action. |
| Immigrant women in the 1880s and 1890s | Many poor immigrant women came from Europe and engaged in low pay, dangerous and low status jobs. Domestic work began to be associated with immigrants. |
| Double standards | Men were not expected to take part in household chores and wages were still not equal. |
| Industrial jobs for women | Women were mostly concentrated in textile and cotton mill - unskilled labour where they received less wages than men for the same work. |
| Sweatshops | Sweatshops began to develop in the Gilded Age, with low wages and hazardous conditions. |
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Charlie_M
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