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Unit 8

World War II

The Allies The United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China, and 22 other nations during World War II.
Dwight Eisenhower U.S. general who was Allied commander of the 1944 invasion of France known as D-Day.
Harry Truman Democratic President (1945 - 1953) who ordered the use of the atomic bomb to end the war against Japan.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Democratic President (1933 - 1945) who led the U.S. during World War II until his death in 1945.
Island Hopping The U.S. strategy to advance across the Pacific towards Japan.
Stalingrad 1942 - 1943 Battle where the Soviet Army defeated German forces in the turning point of the war in Europe.
D - Day (Operation Overlord) 1944 Allied invasion across the English Channel to land in the Normandy region of Nazi occupied France.
Midway 1942 Battle where U.S. forces first defeated Japan's Navy in the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
Okinawa 1945 Battle where U.S. forces captured the first home island of Japan in the longest and most deadly battle in the Pacific.
Hiroshima City in Japan that was the target of the first atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.
Nagasaki City in Japan that was the target of the second atomic bomb on August 9, 1945.
"Rosie the Riveter" Propaganda symbol to encourage American women to work in wartime factories.
Battle of the Bulge 1944 - 1945 Battle in which U.S. troops turned back the last major German offensive of the war in the Ardennes Forest.
War Bond A loan by a citizen to the government to help fund the war that could be repaid at a later date with interest.
Winston Churchill Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during WWII.
Berlin German Capital captured by Soviet forces in 1945 which led to Hitler's suicide and Nazi Germany's surrender.
Executive Order 9066 Declaration by President Roosevelt to relocate people of Japanese ancestry living on the West Coast to be held in internment camps during the war.
Double V Campaign Black Americans promoted supporting the war effort to defeat Fascism abroad and to end racism at home.
Manhattan Project Secret project by the United States government to develop an atomic bomb.
Selective Service of 1940 First peacetime military draft established by Congress to strengthen the U.S. armed forces prior to World War II.
Yalta Conference February 1945 Meeting between Roosevelt (US), Churchill (UK), and Stalin (USSR) to discuss important postwar issues.
Potsdam Conference July - August 1945 Meeting between Truman (US), Attlee (UK), and Stalin (USSR) to discuss important postwar issues.
United Nations International organization established to replace the League of Nations and preserve global peace and security.
Security Council Five permanent members (US, UK, France, China, and USSR) along with ten other rotating members with veto power in the United Nations.
Joseph Stalin Communist dictator of the Soviet Union during WWII.
Hirihito Emperor of Japan during WWII.
West Germany Occupied by the US, UK, and France after World War II.
Douglas MacArthur U.S. General in the Pacific who led recapture the Philippines from Japan.
Rationing Limiting the purchase and use of critical products to ensure that enough was available for military use during the war.
Tuskegee Airmen Black fighter pilot unit who escorted bombing runs against Germany during World War II.
Declaration of a Liberated Europe Promise made by Allied leaders to allow nations liberated from Nazi occupation to hold free election after the war.
Poland Nation invaded by Germany in 1939 that led to World War II.
Philippines U.S. territory in the Pacific that was captured by Japan in 1941.
Rome The first Axis capital city that was liberated by the Allies in 1944.
East Germany Occupied by the Soviet Union after WWII.
Sicily Italy surrendered after the Allies invaded this island in 1943.
El Alamein 1942 Battle in Egypt where British troops defeated a German advance against the Suez Canal and the oil fields of the Middle East.
Iwo Jima 1945 Battle where U.S. Marines suffered heavy losses to capture the island from Japanese defenders who nearly all fought to the death.
Nuremberg German city where a series of trials were held by the Allies to punish former Nazi officers for war crimes after the war.
War Production Board U.S. government agency that oversaw the transition of the economy to produce war materials.
Soviet Union German forces launched "Operation Barbarossa" - The surprise invasion of this nation in 1941.
George Patton U.S. General who led the American counterattack to drive back German troops in the Battle of the Bulge in 1945.
VJ Day August 15, 1945 - Japan agreed to surrender.
Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilots who purposefully crashed their planes into U.S. ships in the final stages of the war in the Pacific.
Final Solution 1942 - Hitler's plan to systematically murder Jews and other undesirable populations in concentration camps.
Code Talkers Native American soldiers who used their language for U.S. military communications during World War II.
Guadalcanal 1943 Battle where U.S. forces first landed and captured an island defended by Japanese troops.
The Axis Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.
Lend Lease Act 1940 action by Congress to authorize President Roosevelt to send aid to nations that were vital to U.S. security.
Embargo 1940 action by President Roosevelt to deny Japan of U.S. iron, steel, and oil.
Fascism Political ideology headed by a dictator that promotes strict social order and ultra Nationalism.
Adolf Hitler Dictator of Germany during World War II.
Benito Mussolini Fascist Dictator of Italy during World War II.
Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 surprise attack by Japan against a U.S. fleet stationed at this naval base in Hawaii.
The Philippines U.S. territory captured by Japan in 1941 that was later recaptured by U.S. forces after the Battles of Leyte Gulf (1944) and Manila (1945).
Battle of Britain 1940 Battle where British pilots defeated a German air attack on London and other major cities in the United Kingdom.
Blitzkrieg German lightning attacks utilizing mechanized units quickly defeat enemies.
Hideki Tojo Prime minister of Japan during World War II who ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor
Tehran Conference 1943 First major meeting between the Roosevelt (US), Churchill (UK), and Stalin (USSR) where the US and UK promised to open a second front against the Germans in Europe.
Paris City liberated from German occupation by the Allies in 1944 at the conclusion of the Battle of Normandy.
J. Robert Oppenheimer Physicist who headed the secret U.S. project to create an atomic bomb.
Created by: MhsUSHistory
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