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Life in 1920s
U.S. History Study Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the presidents of this time period? | Warren G Harding (1921 - 1923) Calvin Coolidge (1923 - 1929) Herbert Hoover (1929 - 1933) |
| Who was William G Harding? | He was the 29th president from 1921 - 1923. He was an Ohio republican who served as state senator; people said he "looked like a president;" was a trustee of the Trinity Baptist Church and a director of many businesses; allowed machine bosses set policy |
| What was the Teapot Dome Scandal? | aka Oil Reserves Scandal or Elks Scandal surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by secretary of interior Albert Bacon Fall; |
| How was William G Harding related to the Teapot Dome Scandal? | happened after he transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to Albert Bacon Fall; they came under investigation by U.S. senate |
| How did Calvin Coolidge become president? | president Harding had a heart attack in San Francisco, so Coolidge took the Oath of Office while in Vermont (administered by his father); president from 1923 - 1929 |
| Who was Calvin Coolidge? | known for his character; desired to restore dignity/prestige to the presidency; raised in Vermont; father was village shopkeeper; went to Amherst College; rose through ranks as councilor than governor of MA |
| What is "the Business of America is business" and how does it relate to Calvin Cooldige? | Coolidge's popular saying; he was the most pro-business president that refused to use federal power to check the growing economic boom; called for isolationism and tax cuts |
| How did the Boston Police strike help make Coolidge popular nationide? | strike to place September 9, 1919; Boston police wanted better wages and work conditions; there was widespread lawlessness because if the strike, so the MA National Guard restored order under Coolidge as governor |
| Who was Herbert Hoover?` | grew up in Oregon; father was a Quaker blacksmith; graduated from Stanford University; went to China with his engineering degree, helped stop the Boxer rebellion there; served Wilson, Harding & Coolidge |
| How was Herbert Hoover involved in the Great Depression? | the stock market crashed on Black Thursday, Hoover is blamed for the depression, but signs have been present for a while; Hoover planned to cut taxes, expand public works & reconstruct the Finance Corporation, but he didn't do enough |
| What were some of the early signs of the Great Depression? | overproduction of goods underconsumption of goods stock market issues buying on margin |
| What innovations did Ford develop that led to the growth of the automobile industry? | innovated mass production, reduced prices, advertisement practices, and increased the wages for his workers |
| How did Henry Ford improve mass production? | he put the assembly line on a conveyor belt; workers would stay in place and complete their simple, individual tasks in seconds |
| How did Henry Ford increase the demand for his car | he produced cars so efficiently that he could reduce the prices, so the majority of Americans could afford not just the wealthy; used ads to showcase these low prices |
| How were most Americans able to afford a car? | most weren't ready to afford cars, so banks gave credit that allowed them to pay in installments; "buy now, pay later" |
| What were the impacts of the automobile in the early 1900s? | cars became a necessity, household budgets were former around car purchases; car related products (oil) raised in cost; gov't used taxes on oil to build highway systems for cars; moved to suburbs since they didn't have to walk to cities for work |
| What is the 18th amendment? The 21st? | 18th: banning the selling and production of alcohol (prohibition) 21st: ending prohibition |
| At first, the Women's Temperance Movement were in favor of prohibition because they believed alcoholism increased domestic abuse. Why did this change? | Alcohol related crime spiked nationwide, and the majority of the population believed that prohibition wasn't working. So, the movement changed views to promoting safe drinking habits |
| Who were major figures is organized crime caused by prohibition in Chicago? | Al Capone George Moran Gusenburg Brothers |
| What was the Valentine's Day Massacre? | on Valentine's day 1929, 7 men with Moran were killed in a garage; it is assumed that it was Al Capone, Moran's rival who is known for killing off his enemies, but this case is still unsolved |
| What are speakeasies and bootleggers? | speakeasies: underground saloons that illegally sold liquor bootleggers: smugglers of liquor from Canada, Cuba & West Indies; metyl (wood) alcohol was not made well & killed many |
| What happens after the 21st Amendment is put into place | drinking/alcohol became a state issue, not federal, and states set the drinking age |
| What is creationism? Fundamentalism? How did this differ from secular thinkers? | Creationism/Fundamentalism: God created the world and all truths are found in the bible, including science and evolution Secular thinkers found the truths in science |
| Who is John Scopes? | biology teacher who taught his students that man derived from lower species, breaking the Tennessee law that made it a crime to teach evolution |
| The Scopes Trial was a national sensation. What happened? | ACLU (American Civil League Union) hired Clarence Darrow, famous lawyer, to defend Scopes; opposition hired William Jennings Bryan; Darrow called Bryan to stand and asked him should the bible be interpreted literally? |
| What was the outcome of the Scopes trial? | Darrow got Bryan to admit the bible could be interpreted in many ways; despite this, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 |
| Who were some heroes on the 1920s? | Babe Ruth: larger than life baseball player who played for the Yankees Charles Lindbergh: small town pilot who made the 1st non-stop transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St Louis |
| How did women change in the 1920s? | became more independent with greater freedoms (voting, employment, cars); the flapper was a new ideal for women with new fashions & urban attitudes (smoked like men did) |
| What were the new roles for women? | nurses, teachers, librarians, secretaries; earned less than men and faced discrimination |
| What is the modern family? | marriage is based on romantic love; women managed the household and finances; children aren't considered workers but developing children that needed nurturing and education |
| What was the Great Migration? | POC moved from the south to the north to acquire industrial jobs |
| Who was Scott Fitzgerald? Who were other great writers during this time period? | a famous writer that wrote the Great Gatsby (book shares the life of the wealthy); other great authors of this period include Jessie Redmon Fauset, and Langston Hughes and Abie Meerpool |
| Who wrote the poem Strange Fruit and what is it about? | Abel Meerpool; about the widespread lynching of POC, describing the hanging bodies as strange fruit |
| Who was W.E.B Dubois? | a founding member of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) that led a march of 10,000 black men in NY to protest racial violence; was an intellectual & 1st POC to get PHD from Harvard |
| Who was Marcus Garvey? | founder of UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) that believed African Americans should build a separate society |
| Where and what was the Cotton Club? | in Harlem NY, the largest black urban community; was a club that highlighted African American performers but the audience was white; club catered to the wealthy who could afford liquor |
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Akosssua
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