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world war 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nationalism | Identification with one's own nation and support its interests. |
Conscription | Compulsory enlistment for state service. |
Terrorism | The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. |
Imperialism | The policy of extending a country's power and influence through force. |
Neutrality | The state of not supporting or helping either side in a coflict. |
Trench Warfare | A type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. |
''No Man's Land'' | Disputed ground between the front lines or trenches of two opposing armies. |
Casualty | A person killed or injured in a war or accident. |
Armistice | An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce. |
Treaty | A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries. |
Ratify | Sign or give consent for a treaty. |
Reparations | The making of amends for a wrong one had done, usually monetarily. |
Revolutions In The World | Many countries are going through revolutions. |
Revolutions In The World | One country in Europe, Serbia, has overthrown their monarch and instilled democracy. |
Revolutions In The World | Serbia wants to unite all Serbs together. |
Revolutions In The World | This poses a problem for the countries of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Austria-Hungary. |
The First Move | Austria-Hungary is angered by what Serbia has done. |
The First Move | To try and contain this spreading nationalism they invade Bosnia. |
The First Move | In return the Serbs form a group called the Black Hand. |
The First Move | The Black Hand used terrorism to try and unite all Serbs. |
The Boiling Point | While on a visit to the Bosnian city of Sarajevo, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated. |
The Boiling Point | Austria demands that Serbia hand over the perpetrators. |
The Boiling Point | Serbia refuses and Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. |
Picking Sides | Serbia will have support against Austria. |
Picking Sides | Russia will silently support Serbia with their war against Austria. |
Picking Sides | By Russia doing this now Germany becomes involved. |
Picking Sides | This now puts into play the Triple Alliance, a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. |
Dominoes Fall | With Russia siding with Serbia against Austria-Hungary, now Germany declares war on Russia and France. |
Dominoes Fall | Great Britain comes to the fight when Germany invades Belgium. |
Dominoes Fall | Germany’s goal was to defeat France quickly before Russia could mobilize. |
Dominoes Fall | Both France and Germany had plans long before the war started. |
End Before It Begins | Germany thought that France would be a push over and fall quickly. |
End Before It Begins | Germany believed if they defeated France quickly, then Russia and Great Britain would just bow out of the conflict. |
End Before It Begins | Germany greatly underestimated the resolve of France and Great Britain. |
Technology Changes | Technology for war took a huge leap forward. |
Technology Changes | New in use were fighter planes, tanks, machine guns, poison gas, land mines, and flamethrowers. |
Technology Changes | Now the implements of war had damaging psychological effects on soldiers. |
Technology Changes | Death could come from the sky, land , or air around you. |
Life in the Trenches | Much of the war was fought in trenches. |
Life in the Trenches | These were dug along the French countryside. |
Life in the Trenches | Men would live, fight, eat, and sleep in the trenches. |
Life in the Trenches | ''No Man’s Land” was the battle field between trenches. |
War Wounds | Living in the trenches proved to be a hard way of fighting. |
War Wounds | Trenches were infested with lice, rats, and fleas. |
War Wounds | Soldiers would also get a condition called trench foot. |
War Wounds | The introduction of tanks and gas to war proved deadly for both sides. |
War Wounds | Tanks were less successful, but gas proved to be a big killer. |
Allied vs. Central | European countries choose sides when the war breaks out. |
Allied vs. Central | Allied Powers-France, Britain, Japan, Italy, and Russia. |
Allied vs. Central | Central Powers-Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey and Bulgaria. |
Allied vs. Central | U.S. chooses neutrality for the war. |
U.S. Involvement | Germany had plans on taking on the U.S. , but had wanted to wait until Britain was defeated. |
U.S. Involvement | Germany had plans on taking on the U.S. , but had wanted to wait until Britain was defeated. |
U.S. Involvement | On May 7, 1915 Germany sunk a British ocean liner named to Lusitania. |
U.S. Involvement | Along with the British passengers were also 128 Americans. |
Waking a Sleeping Giant | With the sinking of the Lusatian, the U.S. was getting closer to the war. |
Waking a Sleeping Giant | The final straw for the U.S. was the Zimmerman telegram. |
Waking a Sleeping Giant | This was a telegram from Germany to Mexico. |
Waking a Sleeping Giant | Germany wanted Mexico to attack the U.S. |
Waking a Sleeping Giant | The U.S. enters the war April 6, 1917. |
Fight for Freedom | Black soldiers were not uncommon during times of war. |
Fight for Freedom | African slaves fought during the Revolutionary War. |
Fight for Freedom | Slaves even fought alongside the Union during the Civil War. |
Defending America | A regiment of National Guardsmen from New York were to be sent to the front lines. |
Defending America | Black regiments were just usually used for menial tasks, such as digging trenches and latrines. |
Defending America | The regiment coming from New York would be different. |
Problem of Race | Segregation and the idea that black soldiers were inferior to white soldiers still existed in the upper commands of the army. |
Problem of Race | Typically American soldiers would only be under the command of other Americans. |
Problem of Race | One black regiment was give to the French to fortify their numbers. |
French Company | This group of black soldiers were the 369th Infantry. |
French Company | They were to finish their training with French soldiers. |
French Company | To their American commanders, they were expendable. |
On the Lines | The soldiers learned to fight with French weapons and wore French gear except for their uniforms. |
On the Lines | The soldiers learned to speak French and how to use the new guns very quickly. |
On the Lines | These soldiers were incredibly brave and won the admiration of the French company. |
Hero’s Rise | During one conflict, two soldiers from the 369th were guarding a post overnight. |
Hero’s Rise | They were attacked by the Germans coming across; they held the line. |
Hero’s Rise | They suffered some injuries but were able to repel over a dozen German soldiers. |
Hero’s Rise | Johnson was the first American to receive the Croix de Guerre. |
Coming Home | When the soldiers returned, they were part of a segregated parade down the streets of New York City. |
Coming Home | Many spectators came to celebrate the heroes of the Great War. |
Coming Home | These soldiers had defended democracy across the globe for every American. |
The End is Here | The U.S. sends 500,000 troops to France. |
The End is Here | Within a year and a half the number grew to 3,000,000. |
The End is Here | This would turn the tide of the war for the Allies. |
The End is Here | Germany attempted one more offense but was defeated. |
The End is Here | An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918. |
The Cost of War | The war lasted almost 1,600 days (a little over 4 years) |
The Cost of War | Military loses were 8 million with 22 million injured. |
The Cost of War | There were 7.7 million missing. The amount of civilian casualties is not known. The casualties of the war were immense. |
Treaty after the War | When the Treaty of Versailles was signed the “war to end all wars” was officially over. |
Treaty after the War | Now punishments would be dealt out to the losers. |
Treaty after the War | All of the countries that fought had a place deciding what should be done as punishment. |
Treaty after the War | Russian was the only one excluded for negotiations. |
Wilson’s Idea | Woodrow Wilson brought to the negotiations the Fourteen Points. |
Wilson’s Idea | His idea was to not punish but to create new states and reduce army sizes for the countries. |
Wilson’s Idea | The only accepted part of his points was the League of Nations. |
Vengeance | France and Britain were intent on punishing Germany for the war. |
Vengeance | Both countries put all of the blame on Germany. |
Vengeance | They wanted to punish as harshly as possible. |
Vengeance | Part of the treaty was that Germany had to admit their guilt for starting the war. |
Punish the Loser | The punishment for Germany was crippling. |
Punish the Loser | Germany lost 25,000 square miles of territory. |
Punish the Loser | The army was limited to 100,000 soldiers. |
Punish the Loser | No air force, tanks, or submarines. |
Punish the Loser | Reparations were in the billions. |
Effects of War | Britain was pushed to near bankruptcy from the war. |
Effects of War | The new countries that were formed did not match up with the majorities ethnicity. |
Effects of War | Germany now has animosity for France and Britain. |
Effects of War | Now a new player would rise to speak for Germany. |