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VA US 6.4

VA US Vocabulary 6.4

TermDefinition
Second Great Awakening a religious revival movement in the first half of the 1800s
revivalist a preacher who works to renew the importance of religion in American life.
Charles Gradison Finney (1792-1875) Central figure in the religious revival movements in the early 1800s. Held highly successful revivals in large cities such as New York.
evangelical style of worship meant to elicit powerful emotions to gain converts
Joseph Smith (1805-1844) founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Published the Book of Mormon in 1830. Built settlements in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. Shot and killed by anti-Mormon mob in 1844.
Mormon A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith.
Unitarian a member of the Unitarian religion, which believes that God is a single divine being rather than a trinity.
utopian community an isolated settlement established to achieve the goal of moral perfection.
Transcendentalist a person who follows the literary and philosophical movement based on finding spiritual reality through nature and consciousness of self.
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) Founder of Transcendentalism. Became a Unitarian minister in 1829. Believed that people could get closer to God by transcending the material world and appreciating the beauties of nature rather than following organized religion.
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) American poet and philosopher and leading figure in the Transcendentalist movement. Most influential works include Walden a series of 18 essays describing his experiment in simple living, and the essay "Civil Disobedience"
public school movement movement aimed at providing greater educational opportunities through the establishment of tax-supported public schools.
Horace Mann (1796-1859) Served in the Massachusetts house of Representatives and as the president of the state senate. Resigned seat in senate to become the first chairman of the state board of education. Worked to establish free public schools.
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) American reformer who campaigned for 40 years to win better, more humane treatment for people with mental illness. Helped to establish state mental hospitals in 15 states and Canada. Worked to improve prisons.
penitentiary movement a movement aimed at structuring prisons so that the prisoners would feel penitent for their sins.
temperance movement a movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it.
Neal Dow (1804-1897) politician and influential advocate of the temperance movement. As mayor of Portland, worked to secure passage of the Maine Law, which restricted the sale of alcohol.
Created by: user-1808225
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