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Pathology
mortuary science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autopsy | provide clinical diagnosis advance medical knowledge and used for identification and manner of death |
| Cause of death | condition that results in death of an individual |
| Etiology | underlying causes of a disease |
| General pathology | cellular and tissue responses to pathologic stimuli |
| Lesion | pathologically altered tissue |
| Manner of death | natural, accident, suicide, homicide, and undetermined |
| Mechanisms of death | physiological derangement produced by cause of death |
| Pathogenesis | the manner that a disease develops |
| Pathology | the study of suffering |
| Special Pathology | specific features of disease in relation to a particular organ or organ system |
| Acquired | presents after birth |
| Acute | rapid onset short duration |
| Allergies | hypersensitivity to a substance that normally doesn't cause a reaction |
| Chronic | slow onset long duration |
| Communicable | transmitted directly or indirectly from person to person |
| Complications | unfavorable conditions arising during a disease |
| Congenital | existing at birth |
| Deficiency | lack of dietary substance that can lead to a disease |
| Diagnosis | recognition of the nature of a disease |
| Endemic | disease continuously present in a community |
| Epidemic | higher prevalence of a disease in a population |
| Exacerbate | increased severity |
| Febrile | related to fever |
| Fulminating | rapid severe onset usually fatal |
| Functional | no change in anatomy |
| Hereditary | transmitted from parent to child |
| Iatrogenic | illness from medical treatment |
| Idiopathic | no known cause |
| Infection | invasion by disease causing agent |
| Infestation | being host to animal parasites |
| Intoxication | poisoning by drug of toxic substance |
| Morbidity rate | prevalence of a disease in a population at a given time |
| Mortality rate | number of deaths in proportion to population at a given time |
| Nosocomial | acquired in a hospital |
| Occupational disease | disease with high occurrence in a particular workplace |
| Organic | accompanied by specific anatomical changes |
| Pandemic | disease that is epidemic widespread or even a worldwide |
| Prevalence | number of cases cases present in a specific population at a given time |
| Prognosis | prediction of the outcome of an illness |
| Recurrence | reappearance of symptoms |
| Remission | temporary cessation of symptoms |
| Signs | objective measurable disturbances |
| Sporadic | occur randomly or isolated manner |
| Symptoms | unmeasurable disturbances felt by the patient |
| Syndrome | set of signs associated with a disease |
| Amyloid | waxy translucent complex protein resembling starch |
| Atrophy | shrinkage in the size of the cell |
| Calcification | increase of calcium salts and other minerals in cells |
| Caseous | cottage-cheese appearance necrotic tissue |
| Degeneration | deterioration of tissues due to disease |
| Gangrene | necrotic tissue is wet or dry |
| Gout | arthritis execs of uric acid in cell |
| Hypertrophy | enlargement of cells |
| Necrosis | death of tissue |
| Hyperplasia | increase of number of cells |
| Metaplasia | cells regenerate after injury |
| Congenital anomaly | development or an organ or structure that is abnormal in form structure |
| Malformation | any anomaly |
| Hypoplasia | underdevelopment of tissue, organ, or the body |
| Aplasia | complete failure of a tissue or organ to form |
| Polydactylism | having more than normal number of digits |
| Phocomelia | congenital condition where proximal portions are poorly developed absent |
| Amelia | absence of one or more limbs |
| Spinal bifida | failure of spine to close during pregnancy |
| Vascular nevus | birthmark caused but superficial blood vessels AKA strawberry nevus |
| Down syndrome | trisomy 21 genetic mutation |
| Cystic fibrosis | fatal genetic disease |
| Hernias | protrusion of an organ through a wall |
| Inflammation | immunological defense against foreign organisms |
| inflammation swelling | tumor |
| inflammation heat | calor |
| inflammation redness | rubor |
| inflammation pain | dolor |
| Inflammation altered function | functio laesa |
| Vasodilation | increase diameter of vessels |
| Goals of inflammation | isolate eliminate and regenerate |
| Vasoconstriction | decrease in diameter of vessel |
| Chemotaxis | movement of white blood cells to inflamed area |
| Phagocytosis | phagocytes eat and destroy microorganisms |
| Abscess | walled of area of pus |
| Ulcers | open sores or lesions |
| Vesicle | blister congaing fluid |
| Furuncle | AKA boil pustular infection of a sweat or hair follicle |
| Pustule | small elevation of skin forming pus |
| Pus | protein rich fluid |
| Exudate | fluid released by body from tissues |
| Hemorrhage | escape of blood from vascular system |
| Purulent | pus from infections |
| Carbuncle | grouping of several boils |
| Scar | cicatrix no blood vessels hair follicles oil or nerve endings |
| Edema | AKA dropsy |
| Four primary causes of Edema | increased permeability of capillary walls, increased pressure due to venous obstruction or heart failure, inflammatory conditions and fluid and electrolyte disturbances |
| Anasarca | severe generalized edema |
| Ascites | edema of the abdomen |
| Hydrothorax | edema of pleural cavity |
| Hydropericardium | edema of pericardial sac |
| Hydrocele | edema of scrotum |
| Pitting edema | edema maintaining depression |
| Pulmonary edema | edema of the lungs |
| Hyperemia | increased blood flow |
| Active hyperemia | increased blood flow for physiological reasons |
| Passive hyperemia | increased blood due to inadequate drainage |
| Cyanosis | blue color of the skin |
| Ischemia | reduction of blood flow |
| Hypoxia | decrease of oxygen in tissue |
| Thrombosis | formation of a blood clot |
| Thrombus | stationary blood clot |
| Embolism | obstruction of a vessel by debris |
| Embolus | moving blood clot |
| Infarction | death of tissues distal to blockage |
| Petechiae | Antemortem pinpoint size hemorrhages, cause permanent extravascular stain |
| Ecchymosis | bruise |
| Epistaxis | bloody nose |
| lung purge | red frothy |
| Stomach purge | coffee grounds |
| Brain purge | pink or clear fluid |
| Hemoptysis | coughing of blood |
| Hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| Melena | Black feces from blood |
| Hematuria | blood in urine |
| Exsanguination | extreme blood loss |
| 8 postmortem conditions from vascular death | diminished circulation , edema, abscess, hemorrhage, emaciation, dehydration, rapid decomp, discoloration |
| Hematoma | swelling due to excess blood |
| Oncology | study of tumors |
| Neoplasm | tumor |
| Benign | not cancerous tumor |
| Malignant | cancerous tumor |
| Metastasis | spread of cancer |
| Adenoma | benign neoplasm epithelial lining of glands or ducts |
| Papilloma | benign neoplasm epithelial lining of glands or ducts |
| Nevus | benign neoplasm of melanocytes |
| Polyp | benign neoplasm of mucous membranes |
| Hemangioma | benign neoplasm of blood vessel endothelium |
| Osteoma | benign neoplasm of bone |
| Chondroma | benign neoplasm of cartilage |
| Lipoma | benign neoplasm of fat |
| Fibroma | benign neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue |
| Rhabdomyoma | benign neoplasm of striated muscle |
| Glioma | malignant neoplasm of brain |
| Lymphoma | malignant neoplasm of lymphatic system |
| Melanoma | malignant neoplasm of melanocytes |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of stratified squamous cells |
| Adenocarcinoma | malignant neoplasm of epithelial lining of glands or ducts |
| Transitional cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of urinary tract epithelium |
| Basal cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of basal cells of skin |
| Hemangiosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of blood vessel endothelium |
| Osteosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of bone |
| Chondrosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of cartilage |
| Liposarcoma | malignant neoplasm of fat |
| Fibrosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of fibrous connective tissue |
| Lymphangiosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of lymph vessels |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of striated muscle common in children |
| Leiomyosarcoma | malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle |
| Glioma | malignant neoplasm of the brain |
| Cyst | sac within the body or on the body containing air or fluid |
| Ovarian cyst | fluid filled sac in the ovary |
| Sebaceous cyst | common slow growing painless cyst |
| Leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| Leukocyte | white blood cell |
| Leukemia | cancer of the blood characterized by large amount of abnormal white blood cells |
| Leukopenia | decrease in number of white blood cells in blood |
| Anemia | capacity of blood to transport oxygen is decreased |
| Primary anemia | decrease in production of red blood cells |
| Secondary anemia | destruction of formed red blood cells |
| Erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| Aplastic anemia | bone marrow is unable to produce red blood cells |
| Hemolytic anemia | rupturing of red blood cells (hemolysis) |
| Pernicious anemia | failure of blood to absorb B12 and therefore can not absorb iron |
| Sickle cell anemia | hereditary and chronic characterized by the presence of crescent / or sickle-shaped cells |
| erythrocytosis | abnormally high red blood cell count (polycythemia) radioactive treatment |
| Hemophilia | hereditary bleeding disorder that doesn't allow blood to clot |
| Thrombocytopenia | reduced platelet count |
| Thrombocytes | platelet |
| Purpura | extravascular bleeding in the subcutaneous tissue |
| Dyspnea | shortness of breath |
| Fibrillation | spontaneous contraction of cardiac cells |
| Arrhythmia | loss of normal beating rhythm |
| Cardiac hypertrophy | increase in the size of the heart because of the increase size of muscle fibers |
| Cardiac dilatation | pathological condition heart is enlarged due to over stretching of fibers |
| Myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| Infarction | formation of necrosis due to lack of oxygen |
| Angina | chest pain associated with heart attacks |
| Endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of the heart / heart valves |
| Pericarditis | inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the heart |
| Myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| Carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| Arteritis | inflammation of the arteries |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of the veins |
| Cardiomyopathy | chronic disease of the heart effecting pumping |
| insufficiency, stenosis, and prolapse | three ways that valves disrupt blood flow |
| Valvular stenosis | narrowing of valves |
| Valvular prolapse | stretching of the valves |
| Rheumatic fever | characterized by severe arthritis |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Atrial septal defect | septum fails to close at birth |
| Arteriosclerosis | disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and the loss of elasticity |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Atherosclerosis | fatty substances build in inner lining of an artery |
| Aneurysm | abnormal enlargement or bulging of blood vessel |
| Takayasu's arteritis | inflammatory disease of the aorta (Asian women) |
| Phlebitis | inflammatory condition of the veins of the legs |
| Varicose veins | enlarged veins close to the surface of the skin |
| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums |
| Pharyngitis | Inflammation of the pharynx (soar throat) |
| Esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophagus |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach |
| Enteritis | Inflammation of the lining of the intestines |
| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
| Hemorrhoids | Inflammation of the blood vessels of the rectum |
| Cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gall bladder |
| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones |
| Cholangitis | Inflammation of the bile duct |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity |
| Ulcerative colitis | ulcers of the lining of the rectum and lower part of the rectum |
| Ulcers | open sore or lesson accompanied by sloughing off of necrotic tissue |
| Stenosis | constriction of a cavity or orifice |
| Crohn's disease | inflammatory bowel disease |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the intestine by microorganisms |
| Colitis | inflammation of the large intestine |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| Jaundice | AKA Icterus excess of bilirubin from blood |
| Cirrhosis | degenerative disorder of the liver |
| Cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones |
Created by:
earm2020
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