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NURS 319: S. Intest.
NURS 319 Chapter 29: Disorders of Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| main job of the small intestine | digestion and absorption |
| Two valves of the small intestine | lower esophageal sphincter upper esophageal sphincter |
| 3 sections of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| duodenum function | digestion and receiving enzymes from liver and pancreas |
| jejunum function | absorption of nutrients and vitamins A,D,E and K |
| ileum function | reabsorption of B12 and return bile acid to liver |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| odynophagia | esophageal smooth muscle contracts too much |
| achalasia | painful swallowing, motility issues with esophagus |
| esophagitis | inflammation of esophagus |
| esophagitis eitology/risk factors | mucus irritation, infection, medications, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Boerhaave Syndrome |
| esophagitis signs and symptoms | burning sensation in throat or midsternal chest, dysphagia, odynophagia, oral cavity soreness, hematemesis, nausea, vomitting |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease lower esophageal weakening, stomach acid into esophagus, gastroparesis |
| GERD etiology/ risk factors | alcohol, smoking, coffee, obesity, pregnancy, fatty meals, medications |
| GERD signs and symptoms | dysphagia, heartburn, epigastric pain, regurgitation, dyspepsia, metaplasia of cells, Barrett's esophagus |
| Acute gastritis | inflammation of stomach lining |
| acute gastritis etiology/ risk factors | medications, infection, acute stress, bile reflux, alcohol abuse |
| acute gastritis signs and symptoms | heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea |
| chronic gastritis | inflammation of the stomach lining |
| chronic gastritis etiology/ risk factors | H. pylori, irritation and erosion of stomach mucosa |
| chronic gastritis signs and symptoms | burning and gnawing epigastric pain, hematemesis, weight loss |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease erosion of stomach or duodenum |
| PUD etiology/ risk factors | H. pylori, NSAIDs, stress, alcohol abuse, excessive caffeine, smoking |
| PUD signs and symptoms | epigastric abdominal pain (after eating, 2-3 hours), intense pain, perforation of stomach/intestine, hematemesis, melena (70% of PUD is asymptomatic |
| Mallory-Weiss syndrome | vertical tear in the lower esophagus due to forceful, frequent bouts of vomiting |
| why is mallory-weiss syndrome an emergency | internal bleeding |
| Barrett's esophagus | disorder with precancerous changes of the cells at the gastroesophageal junction high risk for developing cancer of the esophagus |
| What is the difference between an acute upper GI bleed and a chronic lower GI bleed? | acute: immediate blood loss chronic: gradual blood loss |
| How are the symptoms for an acute upper GI bleed and a chronic lower GI bleed different? | acute: hypotension, hypovolemia (could lead to hypovolemic shock) chronic: anemia, iron deficiency, melena |
| melena | blood in stool |
| occult blood | blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
| hematemesis | vomit with bright red blood |
| risks for esophageal cancer | chronic alcohol use, smoking, Barrett's esophagus |
| esophageal cancer expected symptoms | dysphagia, weight loss, change in eating pattern, aspiration pneumonia |
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | gastrin secreting tumor of the pancreas with excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid |
| Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can lead to the development of | an ulcer |
| hiatal hernia | stomach pushes up through the diaphragm around the thoracic cavity |
| other known hernia locations | groin and navel |
| dumping syndrome | rapid gastric emptying |
| dumping syndrome etiology/risk factors | bariatric surgery, hypertonic fluid enters intestines (causes fluid shift) |
| dumping syndrome symptoms | using restroom/ vomiting immediately after meals |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis etiology/ risk factors | upper GI tract issues |
| gastroenteritis symptoms | diarrhea, nausea, vomiting |
| celiac disease | autoimmune disorder that causes adverse reactions when gluten is ingested |
| celiac disease etiology/ risk factors | genetics, gastrointestinal infections, gut bacteria |
| celiac disease symptoms | pain after wheat consumption, bloating, puffiness, acne |
| short bowel syndrome | part of small intestine is missing or damaged |
| short bowel syndrome etiology/ risk factors | birth defect, surgical removal (crohn's, cancer, blood clots. injury) |
| short bowel syndrome symptoms | weight loss, diarrhea, steatorrhea, dehydration, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneal membrane |
| what leads to peritonitis | bacterial infection or leakage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity |
| peritonitis causes | infection, colon/appendix burst |
| peritonitis potential complications | paralytic ileus, peritoneal fluid shift, electrolyte imbalance (cardiac arrhythmias, abdominal pain, abdominal rebound tenderness) |
| paralytic ileus | decreased motility of intestine |
Created by:
lcorlew1
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