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ADV US HISTORY
WWII Unit Test 4/5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| positive and negative impacts of WWII | pos- helps manufacturing and industry neg- destroys life and property |
| how did league of nations and treaty of Versailles try to help leaders rise up in nations | mobilized discontent in citizens promised they could restore nation to glory gave groups of people to blame |
| Benito Mussolini | Italy Dictator |
| Emperor Hirohito | Japan absolute monarchy |
| Hitler | Germany dictator |
| Reason why WWII happened | marginalized countries look to assert themselves on the global stage |
| fascism | exalts nations and race above individual centralized autocratic government |
| Nazism | political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansion |
| totalitarianism | absolute control by the state or a governing branch of a highly centralized institution |
| communism | system of political organisation in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self perpetuating political party |
| Stalin | Soviet Union communist state |
| goal of Soviet Union | create the most powerful egalitarian and industrial nation on the planet |
| 5 year plan | plan to industrialize USSR with collectivization of farms and emphasis on industry and not consumer goods |
| What were the Japanese like on the battlefield | strong sense and unity with their country if they surrender then they are unhonorable/ disgrace |
| how did Japan view the American people | as monkeys and horrible people |
| how did America view the Japanese people | as monkeys and horrible people |
| when did Pearl Harbor happen | December 7th 1941 |
| why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor | US imposed an oil embargo |
| island hopping | cut off the enemy's stronghold and weaken them then attack when they're to weak to fight |
| America's Strategy to attack the Pacific | 2 offensives |
| Battle of Midway | Pacific Turning point of the Pacific (in favor of US) American surprise attack at Midway |
| Battle of Iwo Jima | Pacific Japanese fought until the last minute weeks of US bombings Jungle battles |
| Battle of Okinawa | Pacific final island until the mainland bloodiest war kamikaze attacks |
| kamikaze attacks | kill someone and then kill yourself |
| Yalta conference | victory in Europe is practice assured soviets agree to declare war on Japan within a few months of the end of the war in Europe allies demand surrender of Japan or else they will drop the bomb |
| who is president during the Atomic Bomb | Truman |
| What ends WWII | The Atomic Bomb |
| Manhattan project | top secret project under FDR to create nuclear weapons |
| pro atomic bomb reasons | saves more US lives ends the war quicker intimidate the soviets preserve democracy avoid mainland invasion |
| anti atomic bomb reasons | war crime moral and ethical reasons destroys the environment kills civilians |
| political effect of war on japan | rewrite Japanese constitution and move towards democracy no military and not allowed to declare war |
| economic effect of war on Japan | focus on industry and agricultural production |
| Tokyo trials | military courts for war crimes against humanity |
| korematsu vs US | ruled that the dire necessity to protect the public good can override individual civil liberties |
| effect of war on women | saw temporary improvements in their statuses during the war but not after |
| effect of war on native Americans | left reservations to become scientists, labor workers, and soldiers made reservations really poor |
| effect of war on minority groups | FDR banned discriminatory hiring practices within the defense industry to improve economic conditions for minority groups most groups were widely accepted into the workplace during the war |
| economic impacts | econ. re-conversion (war industries -> free market industries) federal spending was around $350 billion and created large debt US is known as an econ. powerhouse |
| political impacts | Yalta Conference German occupation zones Nuremburg Trials rebuilding Europe united nations created Stalin promised to hold free elections in eastern European countries |
| Nuremberg trials | trying for war crimes |
| goal of united nations | preserve world peace |
| social impacts | 400 000 dead 600 000 wounded marriage and birth rated increase as soldiers return social improvements for minorities GI bill |
| GI bill | financial assistance for veterans that are honorably discharged |
| scorched earth policy | military strategy used by Soviet union that involved destroying anything that might be useful to enemy when withdrawing from an area |
| cash and carry policy | allowed FDR to sell weapons to foreign nations before the US declaration of war |
| land lease act | allowed president to transfer arms and defense materials in the best defensive interest of US |
| Tuskegee act | a US Air unit that played a pivotal role in the Italian campaign |
| similarities between gulags, internment camps, and concentration camps | displaced from their homes unsanitary conditions violation of human rights targeting certain ethnic groups |
| only gulags | Russian/Soviet labor camp help Russian econ with slave labor only political enemies are entered |
| only concentration camps | Hitler enforced them goal is to reinforce the state capital remove the undesirable people in Germany |
| only internment camps | US enforced them only Japanese put into these camps legal/ allowed to happen because of national security goal is to stop espionage |
| batan death march | Americans and Philippine prisoners of war forced to march 60+ miles in inhuman conditions |
| operation Barbarossa | turning point in Eastern Europe Nazi Germany invades soviet union goal: eradicate communism and conquer area |
| operation torch | turning point in allied forces allies attack French territories 1st time the US engaged Nazi Germany |
| Italian campaign | allies win back meditteranian and Italy fascist regime, German forces, and Mussolini fall |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Germany failed to gain Stalingrad from society union, and therefore stopped their advances stalin's "don't turn back policy" |
| D-Day (operation overlord) | beginning of the end of the war for Nazi Germany Normandy invasion weakened hitler's easter front with soviets |
| Battle of the Bulge | one of the coldest battles in history Hitler surprised attacked british in Belgian forests after 4 months Germans had to surrender |
| VE - Day | Hitler commits suicide unconditional surrender of Germany |
Created by:
stella_koe
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