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NURS 319: Skin/ Burn
Chapters 41 & 42: Skin and Burns
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous) |
| functions of the skin | protective barrier, temperature control/ regulation, secretion/absorption of vitamins |
| reddened skin | erythema |
| hardening or thickening of the skin (seen with positive TB test) | scleroderma |
| thinning or shrinking of skin cells | dermatoporosis |
| large blister | bullae |
| fine, irregular red lines produced by dilation of capillaries | telangiectasias |
| papule filled with pus | pustules |
| fragment of dry skin | desquamation |
| permanent replacement of normal skin with connective tissue | fibroplasia |
| an ulcer is a loss of | epidermis and dermis |
| hardening or thickening of skin with markings due to trauma | lichenification |
| flat area of pigmentation | lentingines |
| solid lump greater than 0.5 cm in diameter | nodule |
| raised, well-defined lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter | papule |
| raised, flat-topped lesion greater than 2 cm | plaque |
| small blister | vesicle |
| transient, pale elevated papules with pink margins | annular lesions |
| albinism | very sensitive to light; genetic disorder- no pigment |
| vitiligo | acquired abnormalities of body production of melanin |
| melasma | overproduction of melanin; smooth patches of depigmented skin |
| lentigos | liver spot from sun damage |
| xerosis | dry skin; scaly, dry, rough; as we age; very common- more easily bruised/ itchy |
| pruritis | itchy skin, medications, allergic reactions, sleep disturbance |
| alopecia | sudden hair loss in one area of scalp |
| koilonychia | central nail depressed, lateral part elevated |
| paronychia | infection, creates abscess |
| onychomycosis | proximal/lateral nail fold infection |
| onycholysis | nail separates from nail beds |
| hydrohidrosis | excessive sweating |
| anhidrosis | lack of sweating |
| acne vulgaris | hair follicles clogged with oil, skin cells, and bacteria |
| acne rosacea | reddened skin and rash, long-term inflammatory |
| birthmarks | any mark present on skin at birth |
| hemangiomas | vascular tumors present at birth |
| port wine stains | vascular malformations at the dermis; get darker with age |
| what does a wood's light do? | UV light used to find fungal/ bacterial infection on scalp |
| what are skin scrapings used for? | to search for mites that live on skin surface of hair follicles |
| what is patch testing used for? | to see if skin rash is caused by an allergy or chemicals in contact |
| what are pre-cancerous nevi? | moles that look different than most |
| where do pre-cancerous nevi come from? | sun exposure |
| what makes pre-cancerous nevi suspicious? | they can develop into cancerous moles |
| actinic keratosis | dry, scaly, crusty patches of skin |
| lentigos | flat or slightly raised brown lesion with a clearly marked edge |
| what is malignant melanoma? | skin cancer from sun exposure |
| how is malignant melanoma assessed for? | ABCDE |
| Why is malignant melanoma the deadliest form of skin cancer? | it spreads quickly |
| the most common form of skin cancer | basal cell carcinoma |
| key characteristics of basal cell carcinoma | shiny, pink/flesh- colored papule or nodule with surface telangiectasia |
| squamous cell carcinoma key characteristics | rough, reddish, scaly area, open sore, brown, firm |
| common fungal infections | candidiasis, tinea, versicolor, ringworm, toxoplasmosis |
| how are fungal infections diagnosed | physical exam and discuss symptoms |
| Tinea pedis | athlete's foot |
| tinea cruris | jock itch |
| tinea capitis | scalp ringworm |
| tinea unguium | nail infection |
| tinea corporis | body ringworm |
| what areas of the body can candida be found in? | mouth or vagina |
| Different types of herpes | HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster, Epstein-barr, cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus-6,7,8 |
| Shingles comes from what initial infection? | chickenpox |
| Difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2 | HSV-1: oral herpes/ cold sores HSV-2: genital herpes |
| What is HPV? | human papillomavirus; warts on skin |
| 3 types of ulcers | duodenal, gastric, stress-related |
| where are ulcers found | stomach, arteries, veins, mouth, genitalia |
| 4 stages of pressure ulcers | 1. skin erythema 2. erythema and partial thickness 3. full thickness (might involve subcutaneous) 4. full thickness with muscle or bone |
| contact dermatitis | itchiness, bumps/blisters, swollen rash |
| seborrheic dermatitis | dandruff, greasy skin with flakes, itchy rash |
| pathogenesis of urticaria | skin mast cells |
| angioedema | body part suddenly becomes swollen |
| thermal burn example | hot metals |
| chemical burn example | bleach |
| electrical burn example | lightning |
| radiation burn example | sunburn |
| how to determine thickness of a burn | how much tissue is damaged |
| superficial burn symptoms | redness |
| partial burn symptoms | tissue damage |
| full thickness burn symptoms | muscle seen |
| which burns are the most dangerous | full/ partial thickness burns |
| what is the priority care for a person who has received burns of the head and neck area? | airway, breathing, circulation |
| Rule of 9s | % given to each body part, quick assessment |
| Lund and Browder method | more detailed examination, view all areas of body in a timely manner |
| zones on injury | zone of coagulation, zone of stasis, zone of hyperemia |
| zone of coagulation | tissue that was destroyed at injury |
| zone of stasis | inflammation and low levels of perfusion |
| zone of hyperemia | perfusion not impaired |
| why do fluid shifts occur after burns | burns use lots of energy and nutrients |
| what is the priority of burn care? | airway, breathing, circulation, exposure, fluid |
| how can burns cause sepsis/ infection? | area is open/exposed for a long time |
| how do burns lead to ARDS? | direct lung injury due to inhaled smoke/fumes |
| what is compartment syndrome and how is it related to burns? | increased pressure in muscles; muscles are damaged during burns and swell, causing edema |
| how do burns cause contractures? | skin heals tighter and scars |
| what is hypertrophic scarring? | increased induration and dyspigmentation |
Created by:
lcorlew1
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