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Political Unit 4
AP HUG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antecedent Boundary | a boundary that was identified before an area was settled |
| Autonomous Region | a subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has a degree of self-government |
| Borderland | a region straddling both sides of an international boundary where national cultures overlap and blend to varying degrees |
| Boundary | a clearly demarcated line that marks both the limits of a territory and divisions between territories; often called a border at the global scale |
| Buffer State | A politically and economically weak independent country that lies between the borders of two powers |
| core areas | A small territorial nucleus from which a country grows in area and overtime |
| cracking | gerrymandering by dividing opposition votes into many districts, diluting the oppositions vote to not form a majority |
| delimited | Describing how boundaries are fixed or defined to identify their limits |
| demarcated | Describing how boundaries are set apart to distinguish their limits |
| demilitarized zone (DMZ) | An area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers, or contending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel; usually lies along an established frontier or boundary between two or more military powers or alliances |
| Devolution | The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state |
| domestic terrorism | acts of terrorism by citizens of their own country |
| satellite state | A nominally independent country that is politically, militarily, and economically controlled by a more powerful state |
| effective sovereignty | the idea that a state's power to enforce its sovereignty may extend beyond its territory and varies over time from country to country |
| Electoral College | The USA's organization for voting by state, who is supposed to vote along with the popular vote in their state. |
| Electoral geography | a subfield of political geography that analyzes the geography of political preferences and how geography can shape voting outcomes |
| Enclave | a territory surrounded by a country but not ruled by it |
| self-determination | A nation's ability to determine its own statehood and form its own allegiances and government |
| ethnonationalism | A form of nationalism in which the nation is defined in terms of ethnic identity |
| Neocolonialism | the set of economic and political strategies by which wealthy and powerful countries indirectly maintain or extend their influence over less wealthy areas |
| Shatterbelt | region of continuing and persistent fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces |
| Choke point | a narrow passage that restricts traffic to another region |
| Strait | a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water |
| Median Line Principle | an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the midpoint between two places |
| Exclave | part of a national territory separated from the main body of the country to which it belongs |
| relic boundary | A boundary that no longer functions as an international border, but still has cultural, economic, or historic importance |
| superimposed boundary | A boundary that is placed on an area without regard to existing boundaries |
| subsequent boundary | A political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape |
| geometric boundary | A boundary that has regular, often perfectly straight, lines drawn without regard for an area's physical or cultural features |
| consequent boundary | A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences |
| exclusive economic zone (EEZ) | Zone that extends 200 nautical miles from shoreline in which coastal states have the sole right to exploit, develop, manage, and conserve all water resources lying beyond the land |
| Sovereign State | a state that possesses the sole authority over the land and people within its boundaries |
| nation | a community of people bound to a homeland and possessing a common identity based on shared cultural traits such as language, ethnicity, and religion |
| nation-state | when a nation's geographic boundaries exactly match the state's territorial boundaries |
| nationalism | sense of belonging to and self-identifying with a national culture |
| Stateless nation | An ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation-state |
| multinational state | a country containing multiple national, ethnic, and religious groups within its boundaries |
| multistate nations | Ethnic groups territorially divided by one or more international boundaries |
| semiautonomous region | a subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has some degree of, nut not complete, self-government |
| frontier | a region at the margins of state control and settlemtn |
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) | Conference organized to define territorial boundaries and rights to the sea |
| reapportionment | The process by which the 435 seats in the US House of Representatives are divided proportionately by population among the 50 states following every US census |
| redistricting | The process of drawing new boundaries for US congressional districts to reflect the population changes since the previous US census |
| gerrymandering | The manipulation of voting district boundaries to favor a particular political party |
| packing | gerrymandering by concentrating all of the opposition party into one district- making a large majority that can't win |
| unitary state | power in the central government |
| federal state | subnational units have major power |
| irredentism | political claim to territory in another country based on ethnic affiliations |
| terrorism | use of violence to make a point |
| subnational terrorism | terrorism committed by nongovernment groups that feel wronged by their government |
| state terrorism | terrorism by the government |
| supranationalism | collection of nation-states and citizens relinquish some sovereign rgihts to a larger-scale body that exercises authority over member states |
| trading bloc | multi-country agreement to reduce taxes and promote free trade between states. |
| failed state | a state whose political or economic system has become so weak that the government is no longer in control |
Created by:
jpastel
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