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progress, imper, WWI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| progressive | one who believes in progress, improvement, or reform, to wage war on "evils" |
| pregressives ideology in the late 1800s to early 1900s | opposed socialism, but against laissez-faire or hands of capitalism, wanted to improve democracy and capiralism, wanted government to intervene to make society better, slogan "strengthen the state" |
| progressive philosophy | rejected laissez-faire, challenged prevailing philosophy to Romantic Transcendentalism, promoted pragmatism of James and Dewey,, scientific management (Fredrick Taylor), ideas have valuse in their practical consequences |
| what the progressives questioned | response to industrialization and urbanization, response to social/political/economic problems, can they shift power from oligarchy, can they nuture industrial benefits,/reforms, can they create a new vision of democracy, how to combat social darwinism |
| who supports the progressivism movement | middle class, populists, socialists, writers, utopians |
| the aims of the progressivism movement | evoke emotional response, move citizens to action, prompt government to legislate change |
| what acts the progressives promoted/were for | pure food and drug act, meat inspection act, direct election of senators, prohibition, women's movement (suffrage) |
| what acts the progressives were against | prostitution (white slavery), child laborm conopolies and trusts, government inefficiency, social injustice (racism/prejudice), unsafe factories/sweatshops (triangle shirtwaist fire/146 dead) slums, adulterated drugs, juvenile delinquency, low wages/hrs |
| political ideas of the progressives/ reforms | initiative (veters could propose laws), referendum (voters could vote for laws on ballots), recall (voters could remove a corrupt politician in a special election) |
| muckrakers - progressive journalists who exposed problems to improve society | jacob rites - "how the other half lived" - about NY slums Lincoln Stephens - "shame of the cities" - corrupt alliances (gov.+busi.) Ida Tarbell - exposed the standard oil monopoly |
| muckrakers - progressive journalists who exposed problems to improve society - second half | John Spargo - "bitter cry of the children" Ray Baker - "follow the color line" - racism Upton Sinclain - "the jungle" - dirty food factories |
| progressive leaders - Robert LaFollete | Robert LaFollete (Wis. Gov.) - cleaned up corruption |
| progressive leaders - teddy roosevelt | PA coal miners strike -workers want a 20% pay raise, and work day reduced from 10 to 9 hrs. -TR threatens to use his "big stick" to take over the mines with armed forces if co. doesn't compromise -compromise - 10% pay raise, 9 hr day |
| teddy roosevelt three c's + beliefs | believes in a square deal (fairness) for business, but opposes business trusts three c's -control corporations -consumer protection -conservation of natural resources |
| Square Deal - Roosevelt | elkins act, hepburn act, meat inspection act, pure food and drug act, newlines reclamation act |
| elkins act | Act authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates |
| hepburn act | expanded the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission and gave it the power to set maximum railroad rates. |
| meat inspection act | makes it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under strictly regulated sanitary conditions |
| pure food and drug act | prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce |
| newlines reclamation act | a pioneering environmental law that defined the federal role in western water distribution. |
| new freedom - wilson | underwood tariff, federal reserve system, clayton act, federal trafe commission, smith-lever act, smith-hughes act, federal farm lean act |
| underwood tariff | lowered average tariff rates |
| federal reserve system/act | a plan for building stability and flexibility into hte US financial system. |
| clayton antitrust act | strengthened the provisions in the sherman antistrust act for breaking up monopolies, the new law contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts |
| federal trade commission | empowered to investigate and take action against any "unfair trade practices" in every industry except banking and transportation |
| smith-lever act | created a Cooperative Extension Service associated with each land-grant institution |
| smith-hughes act | provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting precollegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades and in home economics |
| federal farm loan act | 12 regional federal farm loan banks were established to provide farm loans at low interest rates |
| child labor act | prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of products manufactured by children under 14 years old |
| what progressivism accomplished | victory over corrupt politicans, firect election of senators, national income tax, regulation of trusts, wage and hour laws, protection for labor unions, women/children protection laws, employee liability for accidents, begin social justice movement |
| historical opinion (progressivism) - richard hofstadter | American political life was better viewed as a story of shared assumptions than of ideological struggles/was a clear rebuttal of the work of the progressive generation |
| historical opinion (progressivism) - richard hofstadter (continued) | men percieve/define their interests from ideas they have inherited/experiences they have undergone |
| historical opinion (progressivism) - Schlessinger | long-term and short-term changes in history are hard to predict, national self-righteousness of ones own country hinders people from seeing faults in their beliefs |
| historical opinion (progressivism) - William Allen White | was a journalist who attacked populism, a polutucal doctrine, dedicated tyagrarian interests and the free coinage of silver |
| historical opinion (progressivism) - Matthew Fontaine Maury | was a naval officer who demonstrated what route to take to get a cable around the ocean |
| causes of WWI | alliance nationalism imperialism militarism anarchy leadership |
| alliance | european nations signed secret treaties that created a system of allianzed putting nation versus nation |
| nationalism | there are intense feeling of nationalism on he part of subjugated nationalities. these feelings would eventually lead to rash acts |
| imperialism | competion to develop vast empires caused tension and conflict |
| militarism | nations built huge armies to defend themselves and help to gain these empires. is was a natural feeling for them to want to use these militaries |
| anarchy | there was no international organization to help them deal with their problem |
| leadership | it was poor, just look at the system they set up...quite poor indeed |
| five reason the US entered WWi | unrestricted submarine warfare, american propaganda, German dictatorship, US business interests, and Zimmerman telegram |
| unrestricted submarine warfare | sinking of lusitania (128 americans died), the "sussex" pledge (sinking another merchant ship w/american citizens on it [Germany previously, said would warn them], Germany pledged again to give due warning), Germany renews their unrestricted boat attacks |
| american propaganda | stressed German barbarism, posters depicting the Kaiser as some sort of madman, urged American to support allied throughout neutrality |
| German dictatorship | "make the world safe for democracy" - culture ties (those in the US would support their culture [German Americans - Germans, for example]) |
| US business interests | US trade w/ allies increased, the US economy was closely tied to that of Great Britian and France |
| Zimmerman telegram | Germany asked Mexico to endter war against the US, if the US joined. offered to help get mexico the land back that was previously lost to the US. the telegram was intercepted before it reached Mexico |
| some of Wilson's 14 points | sleft determination, disarmament, freedom of the seas, no blame or punishment, league of nations |
| what was actually in the treaty of versailles | germany was blamed and made to pay reparations, a league of nations was created, no real self determination existed (nation kept colonies and made new nations without regard of the people's wishes) |
| catalyst of WWI | assassination of Austria-Hunary heir to the throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and His wife Sophie, by Serbian Patriot |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria |
| Allies | France, Britian, Russia, Japan, Italy, and eventually US |
| techniques used, WWI | trench warfare, deadly tehcnology (machine guns, poison gas, submarines, tanks and armored cars, airplanes) |
| evolution of US from neutrality to isolationist nation | contented neutrality -> country waging war for peace -> victorious wold power -> alienated isolationist nation |
| war preparedness | national security league, national defense act |
| national security league | supported a greatly-expanded military |
| national defense act | intended to guarantee the State militias' status as the nation's primary reserve force |
| who opposed war preparedness | populists, progressives, socialists, Robert LaFollete, Jeanette Rankin |
| election of 1916 | Wilson won by using the slogan "he kept us out of war" ironically, one month after his induction he declared war |
| russian revolution | another reason that the US did not want to join the war was because they did not want to be allied with Russia (dictatorship), but then a revolution happened creating a republic (later in november the new goverment would be taken over by communists) |
| espionage act | provided for imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who either tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct teh operation of the draft |
| sedition act | prohibited anyone from making "disloyal" or "abusive" re,arls about the US government |
| case of Schench v. US | concluded that the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to the public safety |
| selective service act | draft men into the military originally started from ages 21-30, but eventually became 18-45 |
| african american segregation and participation | they were allowed to fight but had segregated troops/units only a few were permitted to be officers |
| us casualties | a total of 112,432 US people died, but only 49,000 died in combat |
| more of wilson's 14 points | freedom of seas, end to secret treaties, reduction of national armament, impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, self-determination for various nationalisties within Austro-Hungarian empire, league of nations |
| Bif Four | argued for months about what the treaty should say (Wilson, George, Clemenceau, and Orlando) (GB, F, I, US) |
| Article X (league of nations) | called on each member nation to sand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations wilson was the first president to personally be present for the treaty discussion |
| palmer raids (red scare) | a series of unexplained bombings Palmer order mass arrests of anarchists, socialists, and labor agitators |
| labor conflict (red scare) | american public regard union with distrust, "square deal" offered by Roosevelt, and Clayton Antifrust act |
| strikes of 1919 (red scare) | peaceful strike of shipyard workers (no violence but troops were called out), police protest of firing a few police for trying to unionize (national guard broke the strike), steep corporation strike (considerable violence but the strike was broken) |
| race riots | there was a lot of racial tension, americans thought that the african americans were taking their jobs away from them |
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kyla_snyder_
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