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Unit Review
Virginia Studies Review Cards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| forests | Virginia's land is covered in mostly this. |
| Iroquoian | Indian language spoken by the Cherokee in the Appalachian Plateau (Southwest VA) |
| animal skins | What the Native Americans used as clothing |
| Eastern Woodlands | The proper name for Virginia's Indians |
| seasons | the food Native Americans (Indians) ate, clothing they wore, and the shelter they had depended on these. |
| winter | The season Native Americans (Indians) hunted for birds and other animals. |
| Jamestown | The 1st permanent English settlement in the New World. |
| summer | The season Native Americans (Indians) grew crops as corn, bean, and squash |
| spring | The season Native Americans (Indians) picked berries and fished |
| fall | The season Native Americans (Indians) harvested crops |
| What did Indians (Native Americans) use to make their shelter? | Materials around them |
| climate | In Virginia it is relatively mild with 4 distinct seasons which allows a variety of vegetation |
| Oliver W. Hill | lawyer/civil rights leader who worked for equal rights of African Americans especially in the Brown vs. Board of Education decision. |
| L Lindwood Holton | A governor of VA who promoted racial equality and appointed more African Americans and women to positions in state government than ever before. |
| Coastal Plain (Tidewater) products and industries | seafood, peanuts, shipbuilding, tourism, federal military installations (bases) |
| Piedmont products and industries | tobacco and tobacco products, information technology, federal and state government, textiles, farming, and horse industry, |
| George C Marshall | Military leader who created an economic plan for world peace |
| Woodrow Wilson | 20th century president who wrote a plan for world peace |
| Currency (coins and paper bills) | A medium of exchange |
| How many banks did colonial VA have? | 0 None |
| Where did the Germans and Scotch-Irish settle? | Shenandoah Valley (along the migration route) |
| reasons the capital was moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg | 1. drinking water was contaminated by salt water 2. unhealthy living conditions caused diseases. 3. Williamsburg was at a higher location than Jamestown. 4. Fire destroyed Jamestown. |
| Why was the capital was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond? | 1. Population was moving westward. 2. Richmond was a more central location. 3. Richmond's location was better for trade. 4. Moving to Richmond made it harder for the British to attack. |
| Where did the Civil War end? | Appomattox Courthouse, VA |
| Who won the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack? | It was a draw. |
| Who won the Civil War? (Union or Confederacy) | Union |
| Where did the battle between the 2 iron clad ships take place? | the waters near Norfolk and Hampton |
| What was the Period following the Civil War in which southern states were brought back into the Union and rebuilt? | Reconstruction |
| What was a source of livelihood for southwest Virginia? | Coal |
| A county where coal deposits were found. | Tazewell |
| Who surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant? | Robert E Lee |
| After Reconstruction, crop prices were? | Low |
| People moved from ________ to urban areas for economic opportunities. | rural |
| Northern Virgina has experienced growth due to the number of ________ jobs located there. | federal |
| Northern Virginia and Tidewater have grown due to __________. | Computer Technology |
| Full equality of all races in the use of public facilities. | integration |
| Who was the first African American woman to be a bank president? | Maggie L Walker |
| What is the abolishment of segregation? | desegregation |
| Who led the Massive Resistance Movement in VA? | Harry F Byrd Sr |
| What did some schools in VA do in order to avoid integration? | close |
| After Brown vs. Board of Education, what were public schools in VA ordered to do? | integrate |
| What was the US Supreme Court case (1954) that ruled that separate but equal public schools are unconstitutional? | Brown vs Board of Education |
| The Northern states had factories. They were _________. | industrialized |
| The Southern states were farming states. They were _______. | agricultual |
| Who supported slaves on a secret route known as the Underground Railroad? | Harriet Tubman |
| Who led a slave revolt? | Nat Turner |
| Why did West Virginia break away from Virginia? | disagreement over slavery |
| Which did not want slavery Eastern Virginia or Western Virgina? | Western |
| Southern states wanted newly formed states to be? | slave states |
| Northern states wanted newly formed states to be? | free states |
| Who is known as the Father of the Constitution? | James Madison |
| A person who wanted to end slavery? | abolitionist |
| Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights? | George Mason |
| The Virginia Declaration of Rights became the basis for this? | Bill of Rights |
| Who could vote in 1619? | free adult men |
| Who arrived in Jamestown against their will in 1619? | African Americans |
| The arrival of African Americans made it possible to expand the _________ economy. | tobacco |
| In 1619 the governor called a meeting of the ___________ Assembly. | Virginia General |
| In the 1640s the burgesses became a separate legislative body called The House of _______________. | Burgesses |
| A narrow peninsula in the James River | The original location of Jamestown |
| An island in the James River | location of Jamestown today |
| Who granted charters to the Virginia Company of London to establish a colony in the New World and to extend English rights to the settlers? | King of England |
| The 3 parts of the original Virgina General Assembly are | governor, governor's council, 2 representatives for each division called burgesses. |
| The arrival of Africans Americans made it possible to expand the _________ economy. | tobacco |
| 1st elected legislative body in the New World giving the settlers the opportunity to control their own government | House of Burgesses |
| Who believed the colonists and the Indians could live in harmony? | Pocahontas |
| Who arrived in Jamestown in 1620 who made it possible to establish families and become a permanent settlement? | women |
| What 2 crops did the Native Americans teach the settlers to grown? | corn and tobacco |
| Hardships faced at Jamestown | 1. land was marshy and lacked safe drinking water 2. settlers lacked skills necessary to provide for themselves 3. died of starvation and disease |
| What 3 things resulted in the survival of Jamestown? | 1. arrival of 2 supply ships 2. forced work program and strong leadership of Captain John Smith 3. emphasis on agriculture |
| A crop that is grown for money? | cash crop |
| Who initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans? | John Smith |
| What did the Powhatans trade with the settlers? | food, fur, leather |
| What did the settlers trade with the Indians? | Tools, pots, metals (such as copper) |
| What was the most profitable agricultural crop? | tobacco |
| Over time the Native Americans saw the settlers as _______ who would take over their __________. | invaders; land |
| The VA colony came to be dependent on slave labor, and the dependency last a ________ time. | long |
| Who were brought to the colony against their will? | African Americans |
| Whenever people settle an area, they change the culture and landscape to reflect their ____________, _______________, and ___________. | architecture, beliefs, and customs |
| What are some examples of cultural landscape? | barns, homes, and churches |
| Richmond's name reflects which culture? | English |
| Roanoke's name reflects which culture? | Native Americans (Indians) |
| How many people had money during colonial times? | few |
| What crop was used instead of money during colonial times? | tobacco |
| Money put away to use at another time | savings |
| Trading goods or services without money | Barter |
| What was the headquarters for Powhatan? | Werowocomoco |
| What parts of Virginia do American Indians live today? | All parts of Virgina |
| These sailors captured Africans and brought them to Virginia | Portuguese |
| Virginians who did not take sides | neutral |
| Author of the Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom | Thomas Jefferson |
| Who took on more responsibility during the Revolutionary War | women |
| Who was the 1st president and Father of our country | George Washington |
| Document that is the basis for the First Amendment to the Constitution of the US, the amendment that protects religious freedom. | Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom |
| _________ farming was hard on the soil. | tobacco |
| Who inspired patriots from other colonies when he spoke out against taxation without representation by saying " give me liberty or give me death." | Patrick Henry |
| The _______ won the American Revolution which resulted in the surrender of the English at Yorktown. | Americans |
| As Virginians moved, they took their _______, _________, and ______ with them. | traditions, ideas, and cultures |
| Most enslaved Africans worked in _______. | tobacco, other crops, livestock |
| Many free African Americans owned their own businesses and property but were denied most _________. | rights |
| Who did American Indians fought for in the American Revolution | both the English and the Patriots |
| People who study evidence left from the past | archaeologists |
| Most white Virginians made their living as this | small farmers |
| How do most native Americans live today? | like other Americans |
| What type of floors did most colonial Virginia farmers have in their homes? | dirt |
| Natural lake in the coastal plain | Lake Drummond |
| swamp that surrounds Lake Drummond | Dismal Swamp |
| Who explored and surveyed the Dismal Swamp | George Washington |
| Indians who spoke Siouan | Monacans |
| Why did the American colonists fought? | freedom or liberty to make their own laws |
| Slave who volunteered during the American Revolution | James Armistead Lafayette |
| After settlers arrived, American Indians were forces _______. | inland |
| England became ______ in the 1700s. | Great Britain |
| 3 kinds of resources of colonial Virginia | natural, human, capital |
| What colonial meals were made of | local produce and meats |
| Number of rooms in most colonial Virginian's homes | 1 |
| Who did the colonists think had legal authority in the colonies | colonies |
| Who did the British Parliament think had legal authority in the colonies | The Parliament |
| Why did some slaves fight in the American Revolution | They were promised their freedom |
| Who was a slave who volunteered during the American Revolution | James Armistead Lafayette |
| Portuguese sailors captured Africans from what country? | Angola |
| A peninsula bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and Atlantic Ocean to the east | Eastern Shore |
| What Christopher Columbus called the people he saw because he thought he had landed in the Indies | Indians |
| Items that tell a lot about how the people of Virginia lived (arrowheads, pottery, tools) | artifacts |
| 3 languages spoken by the Indians of VA (I See America) | Iroquoian, Siouan, Algonquian |
| Major city on the Rappahannock River (Rapping Fred) | Fredericksburg |
| town on the York River (Yo-Yo) | Yorktown |
| major locations on the James River (Rich James) | Richmond and Jamestown |
| safe harbor, source of food and transportation, | Chesapeake Bay |
| 4 major rivers that flow into the Chesapeake Bay (Please Remember Your Jacket) | Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James |
| major city on the Potomac River (Alex loves Potatoes) | Alexandria |
| Whose troops defeated Union troops at Fredericksburg? | Robert E Lee |
| What happened to Richmond near the end of the Civil War? | it was burned |
| What did Lincoln use to blockade the southern ports? | Union Navy |
| Northern iron clad ship | Monitor |
| Southern iron clad ship | Merrimack |
| Richmond fell to what US General near the end of the war? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| The first battle of the Civil War | The First Battle of Bull Run |
| After the Civil War, this had no value | money |
| After the Civil War, these businesses were closed | banks |
| After the Civil War, these had been destroyed in the South | railroads, bridges, plantations, crops |
| Effect of Jim Crow Laws | unfair poll taxes and voting tests, African Americans were forced to use separate drinking fountains, bathrooms, and attend separate schools |
| 2 bodies of the General Assembly | Senate and House of Delegates |
| head of the executive branch | governor |
| branch of government that makes sure that laws are carried out | executive |
| 3 branches of VA government | legislative, executive, judicial |
| relative location words | next to, near, bordering |
| Region with flat land and is east of the Fall Line | Coastal Plain (Tidewater) |
| Natural border between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont that prevents travel up rivers | Fall Line |
| A piece of land surrounded by water on 3 sides | Peninsula |
| Elevated land with a flat top (Southwest VA) | Appalachian Plateau |
| 5 states that border VA (Martha Washington Kids Take Naps) | Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina |
| 5 Regions of Virginia (A Very Big Pepsi Cola) | Appalachian Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge Mountains, Piedmont, Coastal Plain |
| large bodies of water that border VA | Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay |
| old rounded mountains, source of many rivers, and a part of the Appalachian Mountain System | Blue Ridge Mountains |
| Includes the Great Valley of VA and other valleys and ridges also part of the Appalachian Mountain System | Valley and Ridge |
| Rolling hills, west of the Fall Line, land at the foot of the mountain | Piedmont |
| Transportation link between VA and other places such as Europe, Africa, etc. | Atlantic Ocean |
| Year of Jamestown establishment | 1607 |
| Why did England want to establish a new settlement in the New World? | to increase wealth and power |
| What did England hope to find in the New World? | silver and gold |
| What did the New World furnish for England while opening up new markets for trade? | raw materials |
| Jamestown was primarily an __________ venture. | economic |
| Who financed the Jamestown settlement? | Virginia Company of London |
| branch of government that decides cases about people who are accused of breaking the law and or whether or not the law is constitutional | judicial |
| agency that provided food, schools, and medical care for freed slaves and other needy people | Freedman's Bureau |
| a system in which freed men and poor white farmers rented land from a land owner by promising to pay with a Share of the Crop | sharecropping |
| 1st African American to be elected a state governor in the US | L Douglas Wilder |
| unfair difference in the treatment of people | discrimination |
| separation of the people usually due to race or religion | Segregation |
| Pay As You Go Governor, road improvement, and modernized state government | Hary F Byrd Sr |
| 1st African American winner of a major men's tennis singles championship, an author, an eloquent spokesperson | Arthur R Ashe Jr |
| What are 4 products exported from VA? | coal, tobacco, ships, poultry |
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