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U.S. History 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| federalists | led by Hamilton and Adams, political party that dominated the northern states |
| Thomas Jefferson | democratic republican, nation's first secretary of state, second vice president, third president, switched government from federalist-run to democratic republican driven |
| Lewis & Clark | men who were sent to explore the new Louisiana Territory and were led by Sacajawea |
| James Madison | democratic republican, Thomas Jefferson's secretary of state, fourth president |
| William Henry Harrison | American general in the War of 1812, his army killed Tecumseh |
| administration | staff of the executive branch |
| precedent | an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed |
| Cabinet | heads of the executive departments who meet as a group in order to advise the President |
| tariff | a tax on imported goods |
| loose construction | a belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the Constitution |
| strict construction | a belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution |
| Whiskey Rebellion | a 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey |
| political party | an organization of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy |
| Democratic Republicans | led by Jefferson and Madison, one of the first political parties in the United States, also known as the Republicans, dominated the southern states |
| Little Turtle | an American Indian leader of the Miami people, resisted American expansion into the Northwest Territory, his forces won several victories against U.S. troops in 1790 and 1791, signed Treaty of Greenville in 1795 |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | a 1794 battle in which federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy of American Indians |
| French Revolution | an uprising against the French monarchy that began in 1789 |
| John Jay | appointed the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, wrote five federalist papers, was sent to London to negotiate a compromise with the British, created the Jay Treaty between U.S. and Britain |
| XYZ Affair | a diplomatic controversy in 1798 in which French officials demanded bribes of American negotiators |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | 1798 laws that allowed the government to imprison or deport non-citizen immigrants, known as aliens, and to prosecute those who criticized the government |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | state resolutions passed in 1798 declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional |
| Aaron Burr | third vice president, challenged Hamilton to a duel where Hamilton was killed |
| bureaucracy | a group of departments and officials that make up an organization, such as government |
| John Marshall | fourth Chief Justice of the United States, served under Washington in the Revolutionary War, held various law and political positions, wrote 500 of 1000 decisions by himself, defended judicial power and American federalism |
| judicial review | the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether acts of a president or laws passed by Congress are constitutional |
| Marbury v. Madison | the 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review |
| Louisiana Purchase | the 1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains |
| Barbary War | a war between the Barbary states and the United States |
| impressment | a policy of seizing people or property for military or public service |
| embargo | an official ban or restriction on trade |
| Tecumseh | a Shawnee warrior from the Ohio Valley, led a spiritual and military resistance movement among American Indians in the early 1800s, actively resisted the U.S., traveled wide to convince Indians that no one group had the right to make a treaty |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | an 1811 battle in the Indiana Territory between American Indians and United States troops in which the American Indians were defeated |
| War Hawks | members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years leading up to the War of 1812 |
| War of 1812 | a war between the United States and Great Britain that lasted from 1812 to 1815 |
| Andrew Jackson | military officer, served in Senate and House of Reps, 7th U.S. president, general during the War of 1812, defended New Orleans |
| Francis Scott Key | American lawyer and poet, author of "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
| "The Star-Spangled Banner" | a poem written by Francis Scott Key in 1814 that became the national anthem in 1931 |
| Battle of New Orleans | War of 1812 battle when the United States defeated the British in January of 1815 |
| Treaty of Ghent | an 1814 agreement that ended the War of 1812 |
| Hartford Convention | an 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the War of 1812 and demanded constitutional amendments to empower the region |
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holterj789
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