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unit III Test
American History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | Program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair the damage to the South caused by the Civil War and restore the southern states to the Union |
| pardon | An official forgiveness of a crime |
| Radical Republicans | group of Congressmen within the Republican party who believed that the Civil War had been fought over the moral issue of slavery and insisted that the main goal of reconstruction should be a total restructuring of society to guarantee black true equality |
| pocket veto | type of veto a chief executive may use after a legislature has adjourned; it is applied when the chief executive does not formally sign or reject a bill within the time period allowed to do so |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | Created by Congress in 1865 , the first major federal relief agency in the United States that helped free African Americans find jobs, clothes, food, and access to schooling and hospitals |
| black codes | laws that restricted freedmen's rights |
| Fourteenth Amendment | constitutional Amendment, ratified in 1868, to guarantee citizens equal protection under the law (gave rights to African Americans) |
| civil rights | citizens' personal liberties guaranteed by law such as voting rights and equal treatment |
| impeach | to charge public official with wrongdoing in office |
| Fifteenth Amendment | constitutional amendment, ratified in 1870, that guaranteed voting rights to all male citizens |
| carpetbagger | negative nickname for northern republicans who moved to the South after the civil war |
| scalawag | negative nickname for a white southern Republican after the civil war |
| sharecropper | system of farming in which a farmer tends some portion of a planter's land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as payment |
| tenant farming | system of farming in which a person rents land to farm from a planter |
| infrastructure | the public property and services that a society uses |
| Enforcement Act of 1870 | passed by Congress to ban the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race |
| Solid South | term used to describe the domination of post civil war southern politics by the democratic party |
| Compromise of 1877 | agreement in which democrats agreed to give Rutherford B Hayes the victory in the presidential election of 1876, and Hayes in return, agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from southern states |
| 10% plan (Lincoln) | pardoned confederates (not militia) who took an oath to the Union; when 10% of voters agreed, they were part of Union; did not grant african americans suffrage |
| Wade-Davis Act (Radical Republicans) | 50% of white males declare allegiance and confederates take oath to the union; South gave rights to african Americans |
| presidential reconstruction (Johnson) | denied pardons to Confederates, but pardoned southern civilians that swore allegiance; states must void succession, abolish slavery, and repudiate Confederate debt |
| by December 1865, all the Confederate states except ___ had met Johnson's terms | Texas |
| freedom of movement | African Americans could leave and look for their families |
| freedom to own land | small land distributions occurred to give african Americans land |
| freedom to worship | African Americans could form churches |
| freedom to learn | white teachers went south and started schools, black teachers founded colleges |
| thirteenth amendment | slavery is abolished |
| Outcome of johnson's vetoes of freedmen's bureau & Civil rights bill | African Americans have full rights + bureau is dismantled |
| subcategories of the Republican party | Republicans (didn't care as much) + Radical Republicans ( they wanted to make the South suffer) |
| outcome of Congressional election of 1866 | radicals gained 2/3 of congress |
| tenure of office act | allowed Congress to try and impeach johnson |
| outcome of trial | acquitted Johnson by one vote ( he didn't run for president again), Edmund Ross declared himself not guilty |
| election of 1868 nominees | Republicans voted Grant, democrats voted seymour |
| winner of 1868 election | Grant |
| why was grant elected despite no political experience | he had popular support as a victorious civil war general |
| carpetbag governments | built debt via corruption and overspending |
| results of reconstruction governments | 1) Republicans held important offices 2) 600+ African American state legislatures 3) blacks in Congress 4)reconstruction legislature improvements 5) carpetbag state governments built up debt |
| Hiram revels | the first African American voted to Senate |
| blanche bruce | 1st African American senator to serve a full term |
| carpetbagger | white Republicans from the north that looted the south |
| scalawag | white southern republicans that sometimes had genuine motivations to help black citizens, others wanted to control the black vote |
| Ku Klux Klan | started by former Confederates that used scare tactics to prevent African Americans from voting |
| Samuel tilden | a democratic candidate that won the popular vote |
| why was election of 1876 disputed? | both parties within the states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina had proof of their candidates' success |
| how was the dispute of the election of 1876 resolved? | Congress set up commissions, leading to the compromise of 1877 |
| why did southern Democrats not protest the election of Hayes in 1877 | the Democrats regained control of politics after Hayes removed troops from the south |
| new south | the term used to identify the economic changes occurring in the South during the reconstruction period |
| tenant farmers vs sharecroppers | tenant farmers were paid and had higher social status than sharecroppers |
| ida b. wells | An African American woman and journalist that sued a railroad company for forcibly removing her from her railroad cart and won |
| Booker t washington | an African American man that worked to improve the educational system for African Americans and founded a school as a result, and encouraged them to fight for their rights |
| web du bois | An African American author that participated in NAACP and worked to end segregation |
| Jim crow laws | put in place to restrict African Americans |
| plessy v Ferguson results | segregation was declared constitutional so long as facilities for blacks and whites were "separate but equal" |
| ways African Americans were restricted in terms of voting | black codes, Jim crow laws, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses |
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emmie_studies
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