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NURS 319: Inflammati
Chapter 9: Inflammation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the phases of acute inflammation and what occurs in these phases? | vascular phase: vasodilation cellular phase: WBCs signaled and travel to site of injury systemic response: symptoms develop |
| Five classic signs of inflammation | redness, swelling, pain, loss of function, heat |
| What is the difference between purulent exudate and transudate? | purulent: yellow-green discharge, pus transudate: translucent, watery clear fluid |
| What is an abscess and an effusion? | Abscess: pus, localized, smelly Effusion: fluid in the body cavity |
| chemotaxis | chemical signals attract WBCs and platelets |
| margination | WBCs line up along endothelium and release inflammatory mediators |
| leukocytosis | increase in leukocyte/ WBC production |
| Leukemoid reaction | reasoning behind extreme leukocytosis |
| What is the role of inflammatory mediators and what are examples? | promote/ inhibit inflammation examples: TNF-alpha, interleukins, chemokines |
| What is the role of acute phase proteins and what are examples? | cause symptoms, produced by liver in response to cytokines examples: CRP, fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, hepcidin |
| What are the symptoms a patient may experience during acute inflammation? | Fever, Anorexia, lymphadenopathy, lethargy, tired, anemia, weight loss |
| Substances that cause fever | pyrogens |
| Prostaglandins reset the | temperature regulating center |
| Higher temperature __________ WBC efficiency | increase |
| Fever onset | help reach higher temperature; vasoconstrict arteries and warm body up |
| Fever break | help reach a normal temperature; vasodilate arteries |
| lymphadenopathy | swelling of lymph nodes |
| inflammatory mediator released from basophils, platelets, and mast cells and cause symptoms seen with allergies such as: | runny nose, sneezing, vasodilation |
| Purpose of prostaglandins and leukotrienes | prostaglandins: mucus production or cause pain, fever, swelling leukotrienes: bronchial contraction in asthma |
| what are the 2 most common types of cytokines? | TNF-alpha and interleukins |
| What symptoms may we see with prolonged release of cytokines? | weight loss, cachexia, endogenous corticosteroids |
| 4 possible outcomes of acute inflammation | complete resolution healing by connective tissue chronic inflammation |
| How does chronic inflammation differ from acute inflammation? | chronic is gradually onset and symptoms can be life long, there is often no resolution continual secretion of cytokines monocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages |
| What are examples of chronic inflammation? | tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis |
| 4 phases of wound healing | 1. hemostasis: attract platelets 2. inflammation 3. proliferation: granulation tissue forms, angiogenesis, epithelialization 4. contraction and remodeling |
| primary intention | clear wound edges, no serious tissue damage |
| secondary intention | extensive tissue loss |
| tertiary intention | missing large amount of tissue |
| dead tissue that falls off from healthy skin | eschar |
| eschar color | tan, brown, black |
| procedure used to remove eschar | debridement |
| factors that affect wound healing | nutrition-positive nitrogen balance blood flow, oxygen delivery immune strength infection foreign bodies mechanical factors |
| keloid | growth of tissue/ scar growth |
| contracture | inflexible shrinkage |
| stricture | narrowing of open area |
| fistula | abnormal connection between two structures |
| adhesion | scar tissue binding together |
Created by:
lcorlew1
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