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US history ch 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eighteenth Amendment | Forbids the manufacture, distribution and safe of alcohol anywhere in the US. Volstead Act didn't prevent from drinking, but did prevent from buying drinks illegally. |
| Bootleggers | People who sold illegal alcohol |
| Speakeasies | Secret drinking establishments and pop-up bars that sold alcohol illegally |
| Temperance Movement | led by Women's Christian Temperance Union, aimed to stop alcohol abuse, but resulted in speakeasies and bootleggers becoming popular. |
| Red Scare | fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life. US saw immigrants as communist- Immigrants arrested and sometimes never charged of a crime |
| Quota System | an arrangement that limited the number of immigrants who could enter the US from specific countries, enforced by William Dillingham (1921). |
| Andrew Mellon | American financer, philanthropist and secretary of treasury. He helped expand fields of aluminum, steel, oil, coal, coke and synthetic abrasives. Harding, who appointed him, was involved in secrete leasing of oil reserves. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | Harding administration scandal in which the Interior Secretary leased government oil reserves to private oilmen for bribes |
| Clarence Darrow | Defense Attorney, known for Scopes Trial. Defended labor union leaders (Eugene Debs). He feuded with Bryan over evolution at Scopes Trial, where Bryan defended the Bible. |
| Bull Market-Steiner | Period of rising stock prices (Americans invested to earn quick money). As a result, investors ignored the financial risks, so people bought credit. |
| Consumer Revolution | Flood of new, affordable goods in decades after WWI. Widespread availability of electricity which helped electric running machines. Cars then became more available. |
| Creditor Nation | When someone sends more money to the world than they borrow from it. US was biggest in the world b/c countries owed US more than US owed them. |
| Mass Production | Rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical products. Used for sewing machines and typewriters. Automobile production took off due to this. |
| Henry Ford | Founder of Ford Motor company, most famous car model was Model T. First to introduce the moving assembly line and invented Quadricycles. |
| Flappers | Young women who defied traditional rules of conduct and ways of dressing. Short skirts, roughed cheeks, smoked in public, drank, danced because they thought to be equal to men. |
| Harlem Renaissance | Period of celebration for African Americans through writing novels, poetry, and art. Gave them a way to express culture, as pain, discrimination, or joy. |
| Bessie Smith | Female jazz vocalist, "Empress of the Blues", vocal soloist in jazz band. She performed with Louis Armstrong, sand blues. |
| Louis Armstrong | Jazz trumpet player and comedian, played in New Orleans and Chicago with King Oliver's band, in orchestra in NY, legend in development of jazz. |
| Lost Generation | American writers who were marked by disillusion with WWI and had to search for a new sense of meaning. They no longer had faith in cultural signs of Victorian era. First time in American history to see emerge of great literary talents. Ex: Fitzgerald |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | Novelist who explored the reality of the American dream. In Great Gatsby, he showed the American dream ending in a violent, meaningless death. |
| Ernest Hemingway | At 18, joined American war Red Cross, got injured and returned to Illinois a changed man. He then lived in Paris with his wife and wrote 19 novels, winning a Nobel Prize. |
| Babe Ruth | Pro baseball player, known as showman and ability to hit homeruns, member of Hall of Fame. Got famous due to increase in newspaper readership and radio coverage. |
| Charlie Chaplin | Comic actor, writer, producer and director. Considered greatest comic artist in motion pic history. One of most famous all silent film actors which portrayed social issues or characteristics of time. |
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GenungS
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