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unit 7 apush
why is this unit so long why cant i spell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give three examples of U.S. expansionism after the civil war. | The purchase of hawaii, the purchase of alaska, and the claiming of he philippines. |
| How did imperialism change as the frontier developed? | Imperialism switched from physical control with the development of colonies for the three g's where new imperialism was based off of economic interests and was based more in controlling governments. |
| What were the economic interests for new imperialism? | Raw materials, and the potential for closed markets. |
| What was the political motivation for new imperialism in the US? | A belief that the US needed to compete with other imperialist empires in europe or risk being seen as weak. |
| What were the social motivations for new imperialism in the US? | A growing fear that without a frontier to focus on conflict would shift inward and lead to domestic issues. |
| What is Social Darwinism? | A belief in survival of the fittest. often used to justify imperialism and racism. |
| How did Social Darwinism promote US imperialism? | It mixed with manifest destiny and many amercans began believing that anglosaxons were the fittest to survive and needed to spread christianity and themselves in order to sav ethe rest of teh world. |
| How did Popular Press contribute to the rise of imperialism? | increased circulation and ran stories showcasing an exotic overseas. |
| What were the four main objections to US imperialism? | 1) a belief that self-determination applied everywhere 2) a rejection of racist supuriority or xenophobia 3) supporting isolationsism 4) belief that it was too expensive. |
| What was the Monroe Doctrine? | a belief that USA was the 'protector' of latin america from european colonization and therefore would act if it was attacked. Most notable use was the olney dispute. |
| List the four main causes of the Spanish American War. | 1) the Cuban revolt 2) Yellow Press 3) the Dr lome letter 4) the sinking of the USS Maine |
| Define Yellow Press. | also called yellow journalism, sensationalized things instead of running facts, fearmongering and support of the war. A large factor in the Spanish American War. |
| How did the Sinking of the USS maine contribute to the Spanish American War? | the USS maine exploded in havana w americans killed. spain was blamed for the attack and the us decided to act. |
| What were the reasons for the Spanish american war listed in Mckinleys war messsage? | 1) put an end to barbarity in cuba 2) protect lives of us citizens and property in cuba 3) end the injury to commerce 4) end constant menace to peace that was spain in cuba |
| what was the Teller amendment? | Congresses approval of going to war for cuba and said that cuba to control their own government after the war. |
| What did the US gain as a result of the spanish american war? | puerto rico, guam, and most notably the Philippines. |
| What was the controversy surrounding the aftermath of the Spanish American war? | Debates over whether a nation who fought for independance should control another nation such as the phillipines. |
| What was the Cuba and Platt amendment of 1901? | Said that cuba in return for their freedom must 1) never sign foreign treaty which impaired its independance 2) permit the US to intervene to preseerve independance and 3) allow US to keep bases in cuba mainly guantanamo |
| What was the US's open door policy in china? | John Hay made letter requesting all nations have equal trading rights in china, and later syaing that the US would preserve chinas territorial integrety and safeguard equal and impartial trade in china. |
| What was Boxers rebellion? | rise of xenophobia in china lead to attack on dozens of chritsian missionaries. |
| What is meant by teddy roosevelts bug stick policy? | to negotiate peacefully but show/ intimidate that you have the power to do otherwise. exa,ples being the great white fleet. |
| What was Roosevelts Gentlemans Agreement? | Agreement with japan that limited immigration of japanese workers in exchange for less descriminatory laws against japanese in cali. |
| What was the Roosevelt Takahira agreement of 1908? | Agreement between us and japan for mutual respect of possesions in the pacific and support for open door policy. |
| Which president started Dollar Diplomacy? | Taft. |
| What is Dollar Diplomacy? | promising american financial support and capital in foreign countries either through federal loans or private companies. |
| What are some examples of US Dollar Diplomacy? | Millitary interference in nicaragua, china and other countries to protect us investment. |
| What was the Jones Act? | Wilson passed, gave full territorial status to philippines, guarenteed bill of rights to phillippines, and promised independance as soon as a stable government was established. |
| What were the Concilation Treaties? | Williams Jennings Bryan negotiated treaties which 30 countres signs agreeing too 1) submit disputes to and international commision and 2) have a year long cooling off period before millitrary actinon |
| What are the MAIN causes of ww1? | Millitarism, Alliances, Imperialsm, and Nationalism. |
| Who were the allied and central powers during ww1? | allies: GB FR RU central powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman empire. |
| How did germans combat GB navy power? | Uboats or submarines. |
| What was the Lusitania crisis? | German troops sunk a passenger ship w 128 americans on it in 1915. us said intervention if it continued happening. |
| What was the Sussex Pledge? | Germay said that they wouldnt sink passenger or merchant ships without warning. respones to lusitania. |
| How did the US economically support the allies during the first world war? | provided supplies that couldnt get to the germans due to a naval blockade and permitting us companies to give loans to GB and FR to support war effort. |
| How was public opinion of the ww1 swayed in the US by ethnicity? | german desendents backed germany, and irish descendents hated GB. itallians backed italy when they joined the allies. |
| What was the demographic of those agianst the first world war? | Suffragets, Midwest, and pacifists. |
| What was Wilsons now ironic campaign slogan when running for reelection in 1916? | He kept us out of war. |
| What were the immediate causes of us intervention in ww1? | Zimmerman telegraph, Russian Revolution, and renewed sub attacks. |
| What was the Zimmerman Telegraph? | intercepted message from germany to mexico proposing allyship in return for recovering old land taken by US. |
| What were some things mentioned in the 14 points for peace? | recognition of freedom of the seas, end to secret treaties, reduction of national arments, removal of trade barriers, and a general association of nations. |
| What was the Treaty of Versaillle? | Treaty ending ww1 |
| What were the terms for peace listed in the Treaty of Versailles? | 1) germans punished w reparations disarment and smaller territory 2) apply Self determination to Germ, Austria hungary, and 3) maintain treaties through the league of nations. US didnt join out of isolationism. |
| How did american government mobilize industry in light of world war 1? | rations began, put industries like the railroads in public control in order to standardize equipment and coordinate traffic, deve;o[ed a labor board etc. |
| How did the american government raise money for ww1? | Through Liberty Bonds which were payback loans to the government for 30 years time. raised a total of 33 billion dollars/ |
| What were the espionage and sedition acts? | Acts limiting civil liberties during ww1. espionage act of 1917 said 20yrs in jail for rebellion or draft dodging. sedition act said that anyone who talked bad abt govt went to jail. |
| what was the selective service act (1917)? | a draft that automatically drafted 21-30 yr old men into the selective service. |
| What were some effects of ww1 on american society? | Women with jobs, rural to urban migration, huge migration of mexicans. |
| What was the great migration? | 4mil african americans left south cause of 1)segregation/racial violence 2) diseased cotton 3) limited economic opps in the south |
| What were the Palmer Raids? | 6,000 people arrested w little to no evidence suspected to be anarchists as a result of a series of unexplained bombings. |
| What were the 6 causes of the Great Depression? | Distribution of wealth, lack of diversification, poor banking practices, european economic issues, lack of support for farmers, and overproduction. |
| What caused the economic prosperity from 1919-1929? | Increased productivity, better energy technologies, governmental support of big buisnes, consumer economy, and the automobile. |
| Why were farmers the first people hit by the great depression? | Farmers relied on wartime prosperity. when the war ended farmers had debt after being forced to expand to accomodate the war. New tech and production increases lead to more debt to to a surpluss of crops and massive deflation of agricultural goods. |
| Why did labor unions struggle from 1919-1929? | Many companies had open shop policies that meant they were open to non union workers and others engaged in welfare capitalism that voluntarily gave better things to discourage unions. |
| What was Modernism? | A religious movement of protestants who believed they could take a historical and critical perspective on the bible aswell as accept darwins evolution without giving up faith. |
| What was Fundamentalism? | Protestants who were taught every word of the bible was fact and who blamed modernists for a decline in morals. |
| What was the geographical divide between fundamentalism and modernism? | fundamentalism in rural south, modernism in north. |
| What was the Scopes Trial? | John Scopes taught evolutionary theory and was arrested for it. the trial was largely publisized but ultimatly he was convicted. |
| What demographic was immigrating to the united states during the 1920s-30s? | Catholics and Jews from eastern and southern Europe. "new immigrants". |
| What were Quota Laws? | Anti-immigrnat quota laws to attempt to keep out eastern and southern european immigrnats. the first said 3% of the population during the 1910 census, the second 2% of the 1890 census, or before these immigrant groups were migrating as much. |
| What was the case of Sacco and Vanzeth? | Two italian immigrnats who were convicted of murder. many people believed that they didnt get a fair trial due to their ethnicity. Regardless, they were executed in 1924. |
| What was the Harlem Rennesiance? | Revolution of black artists and intelectuals in harlem who were gathered due to the great migration. Figures include Langsten Hughes, Louois Armstrong, Bessie Smith, etc. |
| What was the defining characteristic of the presidencies of Harding, Coolidgem and Hoover? | All old guard republicans who believed that if buisness and profit took the lead the country would develop better. |
| What caused the Crash of 1929? | The boom market that had been happening for years began crashing. when the stock market fell so did those who invested. people tried pulling out but too many people tried to and it fell harder. Enabled by poor government regulation of the stock market. |
| How did uneven income distribution lead to the great depression? | Profits rose but wages didnt by with them. people could no longer afford consumer goods, leading to workers getting laid off, and beginning a cycle. |
| What was Stock Market Speculation? | A leading cause of the 1929 crash. Strategy where people would invest in stock and immedietly pull out because they thought the stock would go up. |
| What does it mean to Buy stock on margin? | people could borrow most of the price of a stock, but could only repay it if the stock increased. if the stock didnt increase they would be in debt. |
| How did Credit contribute to the great depression? | Low interest and belief in econ prosperity lead to more loans lead to more defaults on loans. |
| What were the issues farmers were facing during the great depression? | overproduction, debt, low prices as a result of ww1, dust bowl and other issues ecological issues from overfarming. |
| How did government policies contribute to the great depression? | Laissez faire econ beliefs. congress gave high tariffs protecting industry but hurting agriculture and trade. they also kept tight policies while banks failed, instead of stabalizing they stuck to gold standard causeing mas bank failures. |
| How did Hoover fail to address issues of great depression? | he tried to push self relliance and private companies. He thought if the government stepped in people wouldnt help themselves. pull yourself up by the bootstraps mental. |
| How did international economic issues contribute to the great depression? | put high tarrifs on europe lead to high tarriffs here. international trade halted. many countries couldnt pay back debt from ww1 causing even more issues.US failed to see these issues and continued with policies no longer working like the dawes act. |
| Why did Hoovers federal farmer fail to address the needs of farmers. | tried stabalizing prices by storing surplusses but couldnt handle the actual surpluss farmers had. |
| Why did hoovers Reconstruction Finance Corperation fail to address the issues of the great depression? | Gave federal support but really only helped rich corperations, not the workers who were suffering. |
| What was the Bonus March? | 1000 unemployed vets marched on washington for bonuses they were promised. met with police hostility and ended in tragedy. |
| What did FDR run on in 1932? | Repeal of prohibition, Aid for unemployed, and cuts in govt spending. |
| What was FDRs New Deal Philosphy? | Commited to action no matter how experimental it was. The 3Rs; relief, recovery, and reform |
| What was the purpose of each of FDRs three Rs? | Relief: help people out of work recovery: help buisnesses and economy and Reform: reform american economic institutions. |
| How did FDR provide relief for the unemployed? | Created Jobs w more demand for goods and services and looked o create more jobs in the private sector. EG: FERA, PWA, CCC, TVA |
| What were some of the financial recovery and reform programs of the first new deal? | Emergency bank relief act, glass steagall act, FDIC etc. |
| What did the FDIC do? | Guarenteed individual bank deposits, restricted gold standard to foreign trade, refinanced homes to prevent foreclosure and helped give low interest loans to farmers. |
| What was the National Recovery Association? | guarenteed standard wages and hours, as well as production prices, also gave unions increased rights. deemed unconstitutional. |
| What was the AAA, and what was its biggest consequence? | Agricultural adjustment administration. encouraged reduced production in return for fed money to attempt to prevent a surpluss. deemed unconstitutional later. Displaced many african american farm hands and sharecroppers. |
| What was the SEC? | Secyruties and exchange commission. regulated the stock market and put resrictions on stock speculation. required full audits of corps to protect consumers. |
| What was the Federal Housing Administration and what was its largest consequecne? | insred bank loans for building repairing and purchasing homes. Was the birthplace of redlining, and generational wealth. |
| What was the Natl labor relations or wagners act of 1935? | Gaurentee of workers rights to join a union and collectivly bargain. outlawed unfair labor practices. |
| What was the Social Security Act? | Federal insurance program based on collection of payments from employees/employers throughout career. used to make monthly payments to elderly unemployed disabled and dependents. |
| What were the criticizms of the New Deal? | One side, said it did to much for buisness+failed to adress problems of minorities, believed a last ditch effort to save capitalism. Other believed gave govt too much power. Buisness alarmed by increased regulations, prounion stance and deficit financing |
| What was FDRs court reorginization plan? | proposed the president could add a justice to scotus for every justice over 70. shot down and seen as an attempt to overthow checks nd ballences. |
| what was establisged in the fair labor standards act? | minimum wage, maximum hours of a work week, and child labor restrictions. |
| What were the causes of the 1937-38 resession? | Social Secrity tax reduced consumer spending. |
| What is Keynesian Economic? | said the govt needed to spend more than tax to initiate economic growth, prime the pump. |
| What was US foreign policy like post ww1? | VERY isolationist. refused to join league of nations bc of this. followed unilatarism w private investments overseas and solitary millitary intervension in attempt to avoid another war in europe. |
| What did the washington conference of 1921 accomplish? | Five powers treaty, four power treaty, and nine power treaty. basicallly limitted Arment, respected territory, and the open door policy. |
| What was the Kellogg Briand Pact and why was it inneffective? | intl pact renouncing aggressive force to achieve national goals. innefective bc it permitted defensive wars and failed to take action against violators. |
| What was the effect on US's role internationally after world war 1? | Went from a debtor nation to a creditor nation. owed 10b from allies and 30b from germany. |
| What was the Dawes Plan? | Cycle of payments from US to Germany to Allies. helped ease the financial crisis but fell apart with the great depression. |
| What was the legacy of the Dawes Plan? | Only finland paid back debt in full. Europeans increasingly resentful and US increasingly Isolationist. |
| What was US foreign policy to latin america like post ww1? | good. removed troops and made policies to remove troops. negoatiated deals on oil, focused primarily on economics. |
| What was the most notable conclusion from Japanese aggression in Manchuria? | showed the innefectiveness of league of nations, who couldnt do anything in response to japan invading china. |
| What was the Stinson Doctrine? | US reply to Manchuria situation. refused to recognize legitimacy of forcefully established govts. league of nations followed suit. |
| What was FDRs Good Neighboring Policy? | The policy's main principle was that of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America. |
| `What are some examples of depression diplomacy? | recognition of the USSR, agreeing to filipino independance, and recipricol trade agreements. |
| Who were the axis, and what were their principles. | Italy, Mousolini, facist party. Germany, Hitler, Nazism and antisemitism. Japan, Hirohito, material gain and colonization in asia. |
| Where was american isolationism the strongest>? | midwest and with republicans. |
| what were the Nuetrality acts of 1935, 1936 and 1937? | 35 allowed prez to stop arms shipmants and stop civ travel on ships of belligerants. 36 forbade giving loans and credit to belligerents. 37 forbade arms shipping to those in spanish civil war. |
| What events foreshadowed the rise of facism and world war two? | mousolinis invasion of ethiopia, germany occupying dmz in rhineland, 2nd sino-chinese war, and german annexation of sudentland czechia. |
| How did ww2 start? | hitler broke munich agreement invading czechia, then invaded poland with ussr approval and axis backing. fr and gb declared war. |
| What was Cash and Carry? | said countries could buy arms if pad in cash. technically a nuetral action but GB controlled seas. |
| What was the Selective Service Act of 1940? | enabled compulsory millitary service, training 1.2 million troops in a year. |
| What was the Destroyers for bases deal? | FDR couldnt outright sell destroyers to gb so he traded them for building rights in a british carribean. |
| Why did FDR win the 1940 election? | the economy was recovering from defense purchases and people wanted someone experienced to deal with ww2. |
| What was outlined in the Arsenal of democracy speeches? | said that US had to defend democracy, an attack on one was an attack on all. |
| List the Four Freedoms. | Speech, Religion, Want and Fear. |
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? | ended cash and carry for gb buying things on credit. isolationists mad. |
| What was FDRs shoot on sight policy? | US ships escorting gb navy vessels with lend lease materials to attack all germans on sight. started an undeclared naval war with germany. |
| How did war in europe open the door for war in japan? | because hitler was attacking european powers, japan could expand into their colonial holdings like the dutch east indies, GB burma, and fr indochina. |
| What economic action was taken by the US against japan prior to entering the war? | prohibited exports of steel and scrap to non western countries. froze all japanese credits in us and cutoff access to vital materials like oil. |
| What was Pearl Harbor? | US fleet anchored n hawaii bombed by japan killing 2000 americans. US declared war because of it. |
| How did the US government mobilize industry for WW2? | Created war production board to manage war industries, office of price administration to regulate civ life via freezing prices wages etc. |
| What was the Manhatten project? | r and d project that developed the atomic bomb. |
| How did the US finance ww2? | increasing the income tax and selling war bonds. |
| what was the nickname of ww2? | The good war. |
| What was Double V activism? | Victory abroad over fascism and Victory at home over discrimination. |
| How were japanese americans treated during the war? | Very poorly. put in concentration campls that were deemed constitutional at the time. |
| What was D-Day? | allies drive to liberate france, at normandy, bloody but succesful in rolling back german troops. |
| What was the Battle of the Buldge? | german attack at counter to d-day in belgium. ultimatley failed. |
| What was the most notable millitary strategy of the US in combatting japan? | Island hopping. putting a base down attacking next island putting base down repeat. |
| Where were the Atomic Bombs Dropped? | Civillian centers of nagisaki and hiroshima. |
| What was the Yalta Conference? | big 3 discussed what would happen with europe after the war and said intl conference to be made. |
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cautionarytale
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