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Patho chap 11

disorders of the immune system

QuestionAnswer
immunodeficiency weakened immune system
hypersensitivity overreactive immune system
autoimmunity attack "self" cells
antigen "non self" substances, target of immune response
innate immunity non specific and very fast against pathogen ex: physical/ chemical barriers such as skin, pH of GI tract
macrophages role in innate immunity migrate to tissues, phagocytize, release cytokines, present antigens, secrete hydrolytic enzymes and TNF alpha interleukins
cytokines role in innate immunity chemical signals by WBCs, regulate and coordinate immune system and inflammation regulation
natural killer cells role in innate immunity granular lymphocytes, destroy tumor cells and virus infected cells
adaptive immunity acquired immunity, has a specific response & memory response
major histocompatibility complexes large locus that present pathogens on cell surface for recognition by appropriate T cells
APC cells in adaptive immunity macrophages and dendritic cells; present antigen to activate T cells
CD4 cells in adaptive immunity helper T cell
CD8 cells in adaptive immunity cytotoxic T cell
role of helper T cells stimulate B cells to make antibodies and stimulate T cells to become active
role of cytotoxic T cells produce cytotoxic agents to kill their targets
what are APCs and their purpose a group of immune cells that are capable of processing and presenting antigens for recognition by T cells to initiate the adaptive cellular immune response
describe the cell mediated immunity response antigen stimulates APC, antigen is being processed by APC, cytotoxic T cell attacks antigen APC complex. helper T cell assists in immune response against antigen. helper T cell releases cytokines (proinflammatory mediators)
antibody mediated immunity response Antigen stimulated B lymphocyte, B lymphocyte turns into a plasma cell. Plasma cell secretes immunoglobulins that attack antigens.
what are immunoglobulins and what are their purpose? immunoglobulins are produced by B cells and they are antibodies that defend the body against pathogens
IgD location and function located in small amounts in the blood function is least understood, but deal with hypersensitivity reactions
IgM location and function located in blood and lymph function as the 1st antibody to be made by the body to fight the new infection
IgG location and function located in all body fluids and also the most abundant function is memory cell response and helps neutralize pathogen before signs/ symptoms
IgA location and function located in secretions function is to line tears, saliva, respiratory secretions, GI fluid and breast milk
IgE location and function located in lungs, skin, mucous membranes function is associated with allergic reactions
active acquired immunity exposure to antigen through illness or vaccination (provides immunity) --> immune system activated and memory cells produced ex: corona virus vaccine
passive acquired immunity individual received pre formed antibodies ex: antibodies transferred in breast milk
overreaction of immune system hypersensitivity or autoimmune disease
under-reaction of immune system immunodeficiency
Created by: sammy.e7
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