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Patho chap 10
infectious diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| host | human or animal invaded and colonized by pathogen (bacteria, fungi, virus) |
| pathogen | microorganisms capable of causing infectious disease (describes what it is) |
| colonization | pathogen living in host (evidence of it's presence) |
| infection | invasion, colonization, and multiplication of pathogens |
| virulence | ability to produce disease |
| reservoir | pathogen source ( ex - person or inanimate object) |
| vector | living being that can carry pathogen from reservoir to host (ex - mosquito, tick) |
| microbial flora | normal flora - organisms that live in or on the human body -> help secrete nutrients and competitively inhibit harmful pathogens |
| most common clinical microbiology stain is | gram stain |
| purple gram stain indicates | gram positive |
| pink gram stain indicates | gram negative |
| gram positive bacterium is part of normal flora and is resistant to antibiotics | staphylococcal |
| rhinovirus | common cold and gradual onset : caused by direct or droplet transmission |
| influenza | caused by influenza and abrupt onset of symptoms -> annual outbreaks, high mutation rate leads to seasonal vaccine |
| example of fungal infections | candida albicans --> thrust: oropharyngeal candidiasis --> vulvaginal candidasis |
| what are examples of heleminths | worms that cause infection |
| what are examples of prions | proteinaceous infection agents --> brain disease: causes the brain to fold abnormally and get a sponge like appearance |
| primary host of taxoplasmosis | taxoplasma gondi protozoan |
| transmission of taxoplasmosis | raw/ uncooked meat and cat feces |
| risked patients of taxoplasmosis | immunocompromised people |
| skin as a natural barrier to protect us from illness and how it's also a portal of entry | natural barrier due to it thickness & pH - can be a portal of entry through cuts & scraps |
| respiratory tract as a natural barrier to protect us from illness and how it's also a portal of entry | cilia, mucous secretions, specialized immune WBCs help reduce infection - mouth carry so much bacteria even through talking |
| GI tract as a natural barrier to protect us from illness and how it's also a portal of entry | stomach pH, mucous, normal flora prevent infection - portal of entry through contaminated food or drink |
| GU tract as a natural barrier to protect us from illness and how it's also a portal of entry | flow of urine, low pH of vagina prevent infections -- urethra is most common route; semen nad vaginal secretions can secrete infectious agents |
| blood blood transmission | through blood transfusions, sharing of needles, mucous membranes, eyes |
| maternal - fetal transmission | cross through placental barrier ; some through infection |
| 1st stage of infection | incubation - microorganisms replicated without identifiable symptoms: short as 24 hours or 2-3 months |
| 2nd stage of infection | prodromal - initial symptoms appear, often vague and general |
| 3rd stage of infection | acute - full infectious disease sign and symptoms are present and immune system is fully engaged |
| 4th stage of infection | convalescent - body containing the infection and progressively eliminating the pathogen and it can take days, weeks, or months |
| 5th stage of infection | resolution - pathogen eliminated from the body |
| hepatitis A | not chronic, can be treated but highly contagious, fecal oral transmission and has to do with the liver |
| hepatitis B | chronic HBV, can get it by blood or sexual |
| hepatitis C | acute infection usually mild, most develop chronic hepatitis, transmitted by blood and targets the liver and B lymphocytes |
| hepatitis D | defective RNA virus, requires helper function of HBV, and transmitted through IV drug use or sex |
| hepatitis E | similar to HAV, and transmitted through fecal oral contamination |
| general signs and symptoms of hepatitis | fever, malaise, myalgias, pruritus, anorexia, loss of taste for food, hematompegaly, stool have pale appearance, dark urine |
Created by:
sammy.e7
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