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Fund. of Language
Syntax, sentence structure, parts of speech, and semantics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Syntax and Sentences: Declarative Sentences | A declarative sentence makes a statement of fact or opinion. Example: I’m going to the store. |
| Which is an example of a Declarative sentence? a. I'm going to the store. b. Don't park there. c. May I have a piece of cake? d. I can't listen to this music anymore. | a. I'm going to the store |
| Syntax and Sentences: Imperative Sentences | An imperative sentence gives an order to someone. Example: Don’t park there. |
| Which is an example of an Imperative sentence? a. I'm going to the store. b. Don't park there. c. May I have a piece of cake? d. I can't listen to this music anymore. | b. Don't park there |
| Syntax and Sentences: Interrogative Sentences | An interrogative sentence asks a question. Example: May I have a piece of cake? |
| Which is an example of an Interrogative sentence? a. I'm going to the store. b. Don't park there. c. May I have a piece of cake? d. I can't listen to this music anymore. | c. May I have a piece of cake? |
| Syntax and Sentences: Exclamatory Sentences | An exclamatory sentence expresses an emotion or states a fact or opinion strongly. Example: I can't listen to this music anymore. |
| Which is an example of an Exclamatory sentence? a. I'm going to the store. b. Don't park there. c. May I have a piece of cake? d. I can't listen to this music anymore. | d. I can't listen to this music anymore. |
| Structure of a Sentence: Independent/Main Clause | Independent clauses can stand alone and make sense as a sentence. Example: I work at the office, and my husband works at home. - they are two different independent clauses that make sense on their own. |
| Structure of a Sentence: Dependent/Subordinate Clause | Dependent clauses can support an independent clause but cannot stand alone. Examples: I know why you did that. - Why you did that is a dependent clause supporting I know. |
| Structure of a Sentence: Phrase | A phrase is a group of words that work together in a sentence but cannot stand alone. Example: The bicycle leaning against the fence is blue. - The bicycle leaning against the fence is a phrase that cannot stand alone in this sentence. |
| Structure of a Sentence: Subject | The subject is a single word or phrase in a sentence that is doing or being something. It can be a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: She goes to the store every day. - She is the subject. |
| Which part of the sentence below is the subject? Living in the country was a challenge for them. | Living in the country is the subject. |
| Structure of a Sentence: Predicate | The predicate is a verb, an action word or phrase. Examples: The dog ran after the car. - Ran is a verb. John is the tallest boy in the class. Is is a verb. |
| Which part of the sentence below is the predicate? John is the tallest boy in the class. | Is is a verb and the predicate of the sentence. |
| Parts of Speech: Verb | A verb is an action word. Examples: run, walk, be. |
| Parts of Speech: Noun | A noun is the subject or object of a sentence. Examples: Mary, house, table. |
| Parts of Speech: Pronoun | A pronoun stands in for a noun. Examples: he, she, it. |
| Parts of Speech: Adjective | An adjective modifies a noun. Examples: beautiful, tall, strong. |
| Parts of Speech: Adverb | An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Examples: quickly, greatly. |
| Parts of Speech: Preposition | A preposition stands before a noun or pronoun and connects it to another word in a sentence. Examples: on, in, of, to, by, through, for. |
| Parts of Speech: Conjunction | A conjunction connects two words, sentences, or phrases. Examples: and, but, or, yet. |
| Parts of Speech: Interjection | Interjections express an emotion or pause. Examples: hooray, ah, uh, er. |
| Semantics | While syntax guides us in constructing logical sentences, semantics focuses on what words, sentences, and texts mean. Syntax and semantics are related. |
| Semantics: Etymology | Etymology helps us understand the meaning of words by tracing their history and origins and by studying how their use has changed over time. Words that originate from the same parent language can have similar spellings and meanings in English. |
| Semantics: Denotation | Denotation is the literal, or dictionary, meaning of a word. |
| Semantics: Connotation | Connotation refers to the subjective meaning of a word or phrase. Connotation can be influenced by emotion and culture, and it may carry an implicit value judgment. |
| Semantics: Importance of Context | Readers and listeners must locate words in context in order to understand their meaning. Context can refer to a word’s place in a sentence or to the larger culture that helps determine the meaning of words and phrases. |
| What are the common origins of English words from? | Many English words have Latin or Greek origins, but a significant number can be traced to Sanskrit and Arabic. The word cotton, for example, has its origins in the similar sounding Arabic word for the Egyptian cotton plant, qutn |
| What is the denotation of the noun, aroma? | The denotation of aroma in “the aroma of coffee” is basically “smell”: the characteristic of something you perceive with your nose. |
| What is the connotation of the noun, aroma? | The connotation of aroma is typically “a pleasant and pervasive smell.” People generally apply the word aroma to coffee only if they like the smell. |
| Find the verb(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Verbs; put, took, drive |
| Find the noun(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Nouns; Mike, car, representative, forms, table, keys, home |
| Find the pronoun(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Pronoun; he |
| Find the adjective(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Adjectives; excited, own, signed, running |
| Find the averb(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Adverb; slowly |
| Find the preposition(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys and got out of there. | Propositions; on, out in "got out of there" |
| Find the conjunction(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car, until the representative was walking slowly to put the forms on the table. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys and got out of there. | Conjunctions; A conjunction connects two words, sentences, or phrases. Examples: and, but, or, yet. |
| Find the interjection(s) in the passage below. Mike is excited to own his new car. After the forms were signed, he finally took the keys running. Hooray, I can't wait to drive it home! | Interjections; Interjections express an emotion or pause. Examples: hooray, ah, uh, er. |
| The word "out" can be used in a sentence as an adverb, adjective, and noun. Which sentences match each part of speech? a. He walked out into the street b. The fire was nearly out c. The author was famously outed | a. adverb b. adjective c. noun |
Created by:
arielhill
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