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Unit 6

The Judicial Branch

Original Jurisdiction The authority of a court to hear and rule on a case for the first time.
Appellate Jurisdiction The authority of a court to review or change a decision made by a lower court.
Exclusive Jurisdiction When a certain court has the authority to hear a case.
Concurrent Jurisdiction When both State courts and Federal courts have the authority to hear a case.
Judicial Review The power of the Supreme court to review rule unconstitutional the actions of the government.
Majority Opinion A statement that explains the rationale of a Supreme Court ruling by the Justices who agree with the decision.
Concurring Opinion A statement made by a Justice or the Justices who agree with a Supreme Court ruling, but with a different rationale.
Dissenting Opinion A statement that presents the rationale of the Justices who disagree with a Supreme Court ruling.
Precedent Going off of a similar case or ruling that has been decided in the past by a previous court.
Writ of Certiorari An order to send a lower court case for review by the Supreme Court.
Jurisdiction The authority that a court has to hear cases, make decisions, and take action.
Justice A judge of the Supreme Court.
Chief Justice Chief judge of the Supreme Court and highest officer of the federal judiciary.
Article III Part of the Constitution that established the Judicial Branch.
Congress Granted the authority to create lower Federal courts by the Constitution.
U.S. District Courts 94 lower courts with original jurisdiction over federal cases.
U.S. Courts of Appeals 13 circuits with appellate jurisdiction over federal cases.
Supreme Court The highest Federal court that possesses jurisdiction over all U.S. legal issues.
President Nominates judges and justices of Federal courts.
Senate Votes to confirm judges and justices of Federal courts.
John Marshall Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who established Judicial Review in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Rule of 4 The number of Justices who must agree to hear a case that is petitioned to the Supreme Court.
5 The number of Justices needed to make a ruling in a Supreme Court case.
Judicial Activism When a Justice takes an active role in interpreting the Constitution.
Judicial Restraint When a Justice limits their power by adhering to the Constitution.
Justices' Conference When the Justices meet in private to discuss the cases they heard.
Life Length of tenure for a Supreme Court Justice.
VA Court of Appeals Upper court in Virginia that hears cases appealed from the Circuit courts.
VA Supreme Court Upper court in Virginia that hears appeals from the Circuit courts and Courts of Appeals.
VA District Courts Lower courts in Virginia that hear misdemeanors and low value civil actions.
VA Circuit Courts Lower courts in Virginia that hear felonies, high value civil actions, and appeals from district courts.
State Constitutions Established and organized State courts.
9 The number of Justices on the Supreme Court.
Judicial Federalism System where judicial power within the U.S. is shared by both Federal courts and State courts.
Judicial Branch The part of the Federal government that interprets laws.
Created by: MHSGovernment
Popular American Government sets

 

 



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