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Chapter 15.

North Africa

TermDefinition
Arid Very dry, almost no rainfall.
Desertification A gradual transformation from fertile to less productive land.
Alluvial Plain Flat area of land next to a stream of river that floods.
Silt Fine particles of soil deposited along riverbanks.
Irrigation The process of redirecting water to crops through channels and ditches.
Petroleum Raw materials use to produce oil.
Nonrenewable Cannot reproduce quickly enough to keep up with its use.
Fault Fracture in the Earths crust.
Oasis A fertile place with water in a dry desert area.
Qanat A human-made underground tunnel on the Iranian plateau, used for carrying water from the mountains.
Cultural Health Center of civilization from which ideas and technology spread.
Agricultural Revolution A period in which humans began to grow crops instead of gathering plants.
Domesticate To keep and use animals as a source of labor and food.
City-state An independent state made up of a city and the territories depending on it.
Cuneiform The earliest known form of writing, from Sumeria
Monotheistic Related to a religious belief in one god or deity.
Messiah A leader or savior.
Pilgrimage A religious journey.
Diffusion Spreading out.
Adherent Follower of religion, cause, or person.
Sultan A leader or ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
Religious Tolerance The acceptance of different religions to be practiced at the same time, without prejudice.
Floodplain The low-lying land next to rivers, formed by sediment left by flooding.
Hydroelectric power A source of energy that uses flowing water to produce electricity.
Hieroglyphics An ancient system of writing that uses pictures and symbols.
Dynasty A series of rulers from the same family.
Pyramid A stone monument built as a tomb in ancient Egypt.
Pharaoh A king in ancient Egypt.
Deity A god or goddess.
Papyrus A paper-like material invented in ancient Egypt.
Tomb A burial place.
Sarcophagus Coffin.
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